Two-dimensional spin systems in PECVD-grown diamond with tunable density and long coherence for enhanced quantum sensing and simulation
Systems of spins engineered with tunable density and reduced dimensionality enable a number of advancements in quantum sensing and simulation. Defects in diamond, such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers and substitutional nitrogen (P1 centers), are particularly promising solid-state platforms to explo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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AIP Publishing LLC
2023-02-01
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| Series: | APL Materials |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0133501 |
| _version_ | 1811154832313024512 |
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| author | Lillian B. Hughes Zhiran Zhang Chang Jin Simon A. Meynell Bingtian Ye Weijie Wu Zilin Wang Emily J. Davis Thomas E. Mates Norman Y. Yao Kunal Mukherjee Ania C. Bleszynski Jayich |
| author_facet | Lillian B. Hughes Zhiran Zhang Chang Jin Simon A. Meynell Bingtian Ye Weijie Wu Zilin Wang Emily J. Davis Thomas E. Mates Norman Y. Yao Kunal Mukherjee Ania C. Bleszynski Jayich |
| author_sort | Lillian B. Hughes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Systems of spins engineered with tunable density and reduced dimensionality enable a number of advancements in quantum sensing and simulation. Defects in diamond, such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers and substitutional nitrogen (P1 centers), are particularly promising solid-state platforms to explore. However, the ability to controllably create coherent, two-dimensional spin systems and characterize their properties, such as density, depth confinement, and coherence, is an outstanding materials challenge. We present a refined approach to engineer dense (≳1 ppm ⋅ nm), 2D nitrogen, and NV layers in diamond using delta-doping during plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition epitaxial growth. We employ both traditional materials techniques, e.g., secondary ion mass spectrometry, alongside NV spin decoherence-based measurements to characterize the density and dimensionality of the P1 and NV layers. We find P1 densities of 5–10 ppm ⋅ nm, NV densities between 1 and 3.5 ppm ⋅ nm tuned via electron irradiation dosage, and depth confinement of the spin layer down to 1.6 nm. We also observe high (up to 0.74) ratios of NV to P1 centers and reproducibly long NV coherence times, dominated by dipolar interactions with the engineered P1 and NV spin baths. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:23:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-60cd813ceb794e099f77c113bc5d6b83 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2166-532X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:23:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | AIP Publishing LLC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | APL Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-60cd813ceb794e099f77c113bc5d6b832023-03-10T17:29:59ZengAIP Publishing LLCAPL Materials2166-532X2023-02-01112021101021101-810.1063/5.0133501Two-dimensional spin systems in PECVD-grown diamond with tunable density and long coherence for enhanced quantum sensing and simulationLillian B. Hughes0Zhiran Zhang1Chang Jin2Simon A. Meynell3Bingtian Ye4Weijie Wu5Zilin Wang6Emily J. Davis7Thomas E. Mates8Norman Y. Yao9Kunal Mukherjee10Ania C. Bleszynski Jayich11Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USADepartment of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USADepartment of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USADepartment of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USADepartment of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USADepartment of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USADepartment of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USADepartment of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USAMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USADepartment of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USADepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, USADepartment of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USASystems of spins engineered with tunable density and reduced dimensionality enable a number of advancements in quantum sensing and simulation. Defects in diamond, such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers and substitutional nitrogen (P1 centers), are particularly promising solid-state platforms to explore. However, the ability to controllably create coherent, two-dimensional spin systems and characterize their properties, such as density, depth confinement, and coherence, is an outstanding materials challenge. We present a refined approach to engineer dense (≳1 ppm ⋅ nm), 2D nitrogen, and NV layers in diamond using delta-doping during plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition epitaxial growth. We employ both traditional materials techniques, e.g., secondary ion mass spectrometry, alongside NV spin decoherence-based measurements to characterize the density and dimensionality of the P1 and NV layers. We find P1 densities of 5–10 ppm ⋅ nm, NV densities between 1 and 3.5 ppm ⋅ nm tuned via electron irradiation dosage, and depth confinement of the spin layer down to 1.6 nm. We also observe high (up to 0.74) ratios of NV to P1 centers and reproducibly long NV coherence times, dominated by dipolar interactions with the engineered P1 and NV spin baths.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0133501 |
| spellingShingle | Lillian B. Hughes Zhiran Zhang Chang Jin Simon A. Meynell Bingtian Ye Weijie Wu Zilin Wang Emily J. Davis Thomas E. Mates Norman Y. Yao Kunal Mukherjee Ania C. Bleszynski Jayich Two-dimensional spin systems in PECVD-grown diamond with tunable density and long coherence for enhanced quantum sensing and simulation APL Materials |
| title | Two-dimensional spin systems in PECVD-grown diamond with tunable density and long coherence for enhanced quantum sensing and simulation |
| title_full | Two-dimensional spin systems in PECVD-grown diamond with tunable density and long coherence for enhanced quantum sensing and simulation |
| title_fullStr | Two-dimensional spin systems in PECVD-grown diamond with tunable density and long coherence for enhanced quantum sensing and simulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two-dimensional spin systems in PECVD-grown diamond with tunable density and long coherence for enhanced quantum sensing and simulation |
| title_short | Two-dimensional spin systems in PECVD-grown diamond with tunable density and long coherence for enhanced quantum sensing and simulation |
| title_sort | two dimensional spin systems in pecvd grown diamond with tunable density and long coherence for enhanced quantum sensing and simulation |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0133501 |
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