Tofukasu-derived biochar with interconnected and hierarchical pores for high efficient removal of Cr (VI)
Abstract Herein, we report the synthesis of interconnected hierarchical pore biochar (HTB) via an ice-templating strategy using bio-waste (tofukasu). The abundance of N- and O-containing functional groups in tofukasu makes it easy to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules and water clusters, resul...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Biochar |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-023-00268-0 |
| _version_ | 1797636751647309824 |
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| author | Liang Fang Wei Yang Jianhua Hou kewang Zheng Asif Hussain Yongcai Zhang Zhenhua Hou Xiaozhi Wang |
| author_facet | Liang Fang Wei Yang Jianhua Hou kewang Zheng Asif Hussain Yongcai Zhang Zhenhua Hou Xiaozhi Wang |
| author_sort | Liang Fang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Herein, we report the synthesis of interconnected hierarchical pore biochar (HTB) via an ice-templating strategy using bio-waste (tofukasu). The abundance of N- and O-containing functional groups in tofukasu makes it easy to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules and water clusters, resulting in nano-micro structures like ice clusters and snow crystals during freezing process. More importantly, tofukasu will be squeezed by micron-scale snow crystals to form coiled sheet-like structures, and its surface and interior will be affected by needle-like ice nanocrystals from several nanometers to tens of nanometers to form transverse groove needles and mesopores. The ice crystals are then removed by sublimation with tofukasu, leaving the interconnected pore structure intact. Therefore, the ice template synthesis strategy endowed the interconnected hierarchical pore structure of HTB with a large specific surface area (SBET, 733 m2⋅g−1) and hierarchical porosity (30.30% for mesopores/total pore volume ratio), which is significantly higher than the normal dry treated tofukasu biochar (TB), which had a SBET of 436 m2⋅g−1 and contained 1.53% mesopores. In addition, the sheet-like structure with interconnected pores of HTB favors high exposure of active sites (N- and O-containing functional groups), and a fast electron transport rate. As a result, HTB had an excellent adsorption capacity of 159.65 mg⋅g−1, which is 4.7 times that of typical block biochar of TB (33.89 mg⋅g−1) according to Langmuir model. Electrochemical characterization, FTIR and XPS analysis showed that the mechanism of Cr(VI) removal by HTB included electrostatic attraction, pore filling, reduction and surface complexation. Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:38:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-60cef13ae16b44f5ac24180726442b49 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2524-7867 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:38:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biochar |
| spelling | doaj.art-60cef13ae16b44f5ac24180726442b492023-11-05T12:25:48ZengSpringerBiochar2524-78672023-10-015111310.1007/s42773-023-00268-0Tofukasu-derived biochar with interconnected and hierarchical pores for high efficient removal of Cr (VI)Liang Fang0Wei Yang1Jianhua Hou2kewang Zheng3Asif Hussain4Yongcai Zhang5Zhenhua Hou6Xiaozhi Wang7School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou UniversityBeijing System Design Institute of Electro-Mechanic EngineeringSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou UniversitySchool of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering UniversitySchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou UniversitySchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou UniversityJiangxi Xinda Hangke New Materials Technology Co., LtdSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou UniversityAbstract Herein, we report the synthesis of interconnected hierarchical pore biochar (HTB) via an ice-templating strategy using bio-waste (tofukasu). The abundance of N- and O-containing functional groups in tofukasu makes it easy to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules and water clusters, resulting in nano-micro structures like ice clusters and snow crystals during freezing process. More importantly, tofukasu will be squeezed by micron-scale snow crystals to form coiled sheet-like structures, and its surface and interior will be affected by needle-like ice nanocrystals from several nanometers to tens of nanometers to form transverse groove needles and mesopores. The ice crystals are then removed by sublimation with tofukasu, leaving the interconnected pore structure intact. Therefore, the ice template synthesis strategy endowed the interconnected hierarchical pore structure of HTB with a large specific surface area (SBET, 733 m2⋅g−1) and hierarchical porosity (30.30% for mesopores/total pore volume ratio), which is significantly higher than the normal dry treated tofukasu biochar (TB), which had a SBET of 436 m2⋅g−1 and contained 1.53% mesopores. In addition, the sheet-like structure with interconnected pores of HTB favors high exposure of active sites (N- and O-containing functional groups), and a fast electron transport rate. As a result, HTB had an excellent adsorption capacity of 159.65 mg⋅g−1, which is 4.7 times that of typical block biochar of TB (33.89 mg⋅g−1) according to Langmuir model. Electrochemical characterization, FTIR and XPS analysis showed that the mechanism of Cr(VI) removal by HTB included electrostatic attraction, pore filling, reduction and surface complexation. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-023-00268-0Chromium adsorptionTofukasuIce templateBiocharHierarchical pore structureMesopores |
| spellingShingle | Liang Fang Wei Yang Jianhua Hou kewang Zheng Asif Hussain Yongcai Zhang Zhenhua Hou Xiaozhi Wang Tofukasu-derived biochar with interconnected and hierarchical pores for high efficient removal of Cr (VI) Biochar Chromium adsorption Tofukasu Ice template Biochar Hierarchical pore structure Mesopores |
| title | Tofukasu-derived biochar with interconnected and hierarchical pores for high efficient removal of Cr (VI) |
| title_full | Tofukasu-derived biochar with interconnected and hierarchical pores for high efficient removal of Cr (VI) |
| title_fullStr | Tofukasu-derived biochar with interconnected and hierarchical pores for high efficient removal of Cr (VI) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tofukasu-derived biochar with interconnected and hierarchical pores for high efficient removal of Cr (VI) |
| title_short | Tofukasu-derived biochar with interconnected and hierarchical pores for high efficient removal of Cr (VI) |
| title_sort | tofukasu derived biochar with interconnected and hierarchical pores for high efficient removal of cr vi |
| topic | Chromium adsorption Tofukasu Ice template Biochar Hierarchical pore structure Mesopores |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-023-00268-0 |
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