Impact of NH<sub>3</sub> Emissions on Particulate Matter Pollution in South Korea: A Case Study of the Seoul Metropolitan Area
We analyzed the multi-year relationship between particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) concentrations and possible precursors including NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and NH<sub>3</sub> based on local observations over t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/8/1227 |
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| author | Changsub Shim Jihyun Han Daven K. Henze Mark W. Shephard Liye Zhu Nankyoung Moon Shailesh K. Kharol Enrico Dammers Karen Cady-Pereira |
| author_facet | Changsub Shim Jihyun Han Daven K. Henze Mark W. Shephard Liye Zhu Nankyoung Moon Shailesh K. Kharol Enrico Dammers Karen Cady-Pereira |
| author_sort | Changsub Shim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We analyzed the multi-year relationship between particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) concentrations and possible precursors including NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and NH<sub>3</sub> based on local observations over the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) from 2015 to 2017. Surface NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations were obtained from Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) retrievals, while other pollutants were observed at 142 ground sites. We found that NH<sub>3</sub> had the highest correlation with PM<sub>2.5</sub> (R = 0.51) compared to other precursors such as NO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> (R of 0.16 and 0.14, respectively). The correlations indicate that NH<sub>3</sub> emissions are likely a limiting factor in controlling PM<sub>2.5</sub> over the SMA in a high-NOx environment. This implies that the current Korean policy urgently requires tools for controlling local NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from the livestock industry (for example, from hog manure). These findings provide the first satellite-based trace gas evidence that implementing an NH<sub>3</sub> control strategy could play a key role in improving air quality in the SMA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:55:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-60cf5cc875eb4f81bd7db5693e8bd52b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:55:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-60cf5cc875eb4f81bd7db5693e8bd52b2023-11-30T23:10:15ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-08-01138122710.3390/atmos13081227Impact of NH<sub>3</sub> Emissions on Particulate Matter Pollution in South Korea: A Case Study of the Seoul Metropolitan AreaChangsub Shim0Jihyun Han1Daven K. Henze2Mark W. Shephard3Liye Zhu4Nankyoung Moon5Shailesh K. Kharol6Enrico Dammers7Karen Cady-Pereira8Korea Environment Institute (KEI), Sejong 30147, KoreaDivision of Climate & Environmental Research, Seoul Institute of Technology (SIT), Seoul 03909, KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USAEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, CanadaSchool of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Gunagzhou 519082, ChinaKorea Environment Institute (KEI), Sejong 30147, KoreaEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, CanadaClimate Air and Sustainability, TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, The NetherlandsAtmospheric and Environment Research, Lexington, MA 02421, USAWe analyzed the multi-year relationship between particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) concentrations and possible precursors including NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and NH<sub>3</sub> based on local observations over the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) from 2015 to 2017. Surface NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations were obtained from Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) retrievals, while other pollutants were observed at 142 ground sites. We found that NH<sub>3</sub> had the highest correlation with PM<sub>2.5</sub> (R = 0.51) compared to other precursors such as NO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> (R of 0.16 and 0.14, respectively). The correlations indicate that NH<sub>3</sub> emissions are likely a limiting factor in controlling PM<sub>2.5</sub> over the SMA in a high-NOx environment. This implies that the current Korean policy urgently requires tools for controlling local NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from the livestock industry (for example, from hog manure). These findings provide the first satellite-based trace gas evidence that implementing an NH<sub>3</sub> control strategy could play a key role in improving air quality in the SMA.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/8/1227ammoniaparticulate pollutionSeoul Metropolitan AreaKoreaCrIS |
| spellingShingle | Changsub Shim Jihyun Han Daven K. Henze Mark W. Shephard Liye Zhu Nankyoung Moon Shailesh K. Kharol Enrico Dammers Karen Cady-Pereira Impact of NH<sub>3</sub> Emissions on Particulate Matter Pollution in South Korea: A Case Study of the Seoul Metropolitan Area Atmosphere ammonia particulate pollution Seoul Metropolitan Area Korea CrIS |
| title | Impact of NH<sub>3</sub> Emissions on Particulate Matter Pollution in South Korea: A Case Study of the Seoul Metropolitan Area |
| title_full | Impact of NH<sub>3</sub> Emissions on Particulate Matter Pollution in South Korea: A Case Study of the Seoul Metropolitan Area |
| title_fullStr | Impact of NH<sub>3</sub> Emissions on Particulate Matter Pollution in South Korea: A Case Study of the Seoul Metropolitan Area |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of NH<sub>3</sub> Emissions on Particulate Matter Pollution in South Korea: A Case Study of the Seoul Metropolitan Area |
| title_short | Impact of NH<sub>3</sub> Emissions on Particulate Matter Pollution in South Korea: A Case Study of the Seoul Metropolitan Area |
| title_sort | impact of nh sub 3 sub emissions on particulate matter pollution in south korea a case study of the seoul metropolitan area |
| topic | ammonia particulate pollution Seoul Metropolitan Area Korea CrIS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/8/1227 |
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