Exopolysaccharides as Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanism and Spectrum of Activity
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are metabolites synthesized and excreted by a variety of microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). EPS serve several biological functions such as interactions between bacteria and their environments, protection against hostile conditions including dehydration, t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.664395/full |
| _version_ | 1819080388706828288 |
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| author | Abdelmoneim K. Abdalla Mutamed M. Ayyash Amin N. Olaimat Tareq M. Osaili Tareq M. Osaili Anas A. Al-Nabulsi Nagendra P. Shah Richard Holley |
| author_facet | Abdelmoneim K. Abdalla Mutamed M. Ayyash Amin N. Olaimat Tareq M. Osaili Tareq M. Osaili Anas A. Al-Nabulsi Nagendra P. Shah Richard Holley |
| author_sort | Abdelmoneim K. Abdalla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are metabolites synthesized and excreted by a variety of microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). EPS serve several biological functions such as interactions between bacteria and their environments, protection against hostile conditions including dehydration, the alleviation of the action of toxic compounds (bile salts, hydrolyzing enzymes, lysozyme, gastric, and pancreatic enzymes, metal ions, antibiotics), and stresses (changing pH, osmolarity), and evasion of the immune response and phage attack. Bacterial EPSs are considered valuable by the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries, owing to their health-promoting benefits and rheological impacts. Numerous studies have reported the unusual antimicrobial activities of various EPS against a wide variety of pathogenic microbes (bacteria, virus, and fungi). This review aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of different EPSs, mainly against foodborne bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. The mechanism of EPS action against these pathogens as well as the methods used to measure antimicrobial activities are critically reviewed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T19:44:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-60d99ebe79a9439597b4d14d50410b73 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T19:44:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-60d99ebe79a9439597b4d14d50410b732022-12-21T18:52:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2021-05-011210.3389/fmicb.2021.664395664395Exopolysaccharides as Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanism and Spectrum of ActivityAbdelmoneim K. Abdalla0Mutamed M. Ayyash1Amin N. Olaimat2Tareq M. Osaili3Tareq M. Osaili4Anas A. Al-Nabulsi5Nagendra P. Shah6Richard Holley7Food Science Department, College of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptDepartment of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, JordanDepartment Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JordanDepartment of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JordanFood and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong KongDepartment of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaExopolysaccharides (EPSs) are metabolites synthesized and excreted by a variety of microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). EPS serve several biological functions such as interactions between bacteria and their environments, protection against hostile conditions including dehydration, the alleviation of the action of toxic compounds (bile salts, hydrolyzing enzymes, lysozyme, gastric, and pancreatic enzymes, metal ions, antibiotics), and stresses (changing pH, osmolarity), and evasion of the immune response and phage attack. Bacterial EPSs are considered valuable by the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries, owing to their health-promoting benefits and rheological impacts. Numerous studies have reported the unusual antimicrobial activities of various EPS against a wide variety of pathogenic microbes (bacteria, virus, and fungi). This review aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of different EPSs, mainly against foodborne bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. The mechanism of EPS action against these pathogens as well as the methods used to measure antimicrobial activities are critically reviewed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.664395/fullantibacterialantiviralantifungalbiopolymersbiopreservative |
| spellingShingle | Abdelmoneim K. Abdalla Mutamed M. Ayyash Amin N. Olaimat Tareq M. Osaili Tareq M. Osaili Anas A. Al-Nabulsi Nagendra P. Shah Richard Holley Exopolysaccharides as Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanism and Spectrum of Activity Frontiers in Microbiology antibacterial antiviral antifungal biopolymers biopreservative |
| title | Exopolysaccharides as Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanism and Spectrum of Activity |
| title_full | Exopolysaccharides as Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanism and Spectrum of Activity |
| title_fullStr | Exopolysaccharides as Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanism and Spectrum of Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exopolysaccharides as Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanism and Spectrum of Activity |
| title_short | Exopolysaccharides as Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanism and Spectrum of Activity |
| title_sort | exopolysaccharides as antimicrobial agents mechanism and spectrum of activity |
| topic | antibacterial antiviral antifungal biopolymers biopreservative |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.664395/full |
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