Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Based Biosensors: From Fundamentals to Healthcare Applications
There has been an exponential surge in reports on two-dimensional (2D) materials ever since the discovery of graphene in 2004. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a class of 2D materials where weak van der Waals force binds individual covalently bonded X–M–X layers (where M is the transition...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/2/169 |
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| author | Abdul Kaium Mia M. Meyyappan P. K. Giri |
| author_facet | Abdul Kaium Mia M. Meyyappan P. K. Giri |
| author_sort | Abdul Kaium Mia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There has been an exponential surge in reports on two-dimensional (2D) materials ever since the discovery of graphene in 2004. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a class of 2D materials where weak van der Waals force binds individual covalently bonded X–M–X layers (where M is the transition metal and X is the chalcogen), making layer-controlled synthesis possible. These individual building blocks (single-layer TMDs) transition from indirect to direct band gaps and have fascinating optical and electronic properties. Layer-dependent opto-electrical properties, along with the existence of finite band gaps, make single-layer TMDs superior to the well-known graphene that paves the way for their applications in many areas. Ultra-fast response, high on/off ratio, planar structure, low operational voltage, wafer scale synthesis capabilities, high surface-to-volume ratio, and compatibility with standard fabrication processes makes TMDs ideal candidates to replace conventional semiconductors, such as silicon, etc., in the new-age electrical, electronic, and opto-electronic devices. Besides, TMDs can be potentially utilized in single molecular sensing for early detection of different biomarkers, gas sensors, photodetector, and catalytic applications. The impact of COVID-19 has given rise to an upsurge in demand for biosensors with real-time detection capabilities. TMDs as active or supporting biosensing elements exhibit potential for real-time detection of single biomarkers and, hence, show promise in the development of point-of-care healthcare devices. In this review, we provide a historical survey of 2D TMD-based biosensors for the detection of bio analytes ranging from bacteria, viruses, and whole cells to molecular biomarkers via optical, electronic, and electrochemical sensing mechanisms. Current approaches and the latest developments in the study of healthcare devices using 2D TMDs are discussed. Additionally, this review presents an overview of the challenges in the area and discusses the future perspective of 2D TMDs in the field of biosensing for healthcare devices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:04:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-60dcc16c3e684b7d824a916e35a6e62f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:04:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-60dcc16c3e684b7d824a916e35a6e62f2023-11-16T19:25:00ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742023-01-0113216910.3390/bios13020169Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Based Biosensors: From Fundamentals to Healthcare ApplicationsAbdul Kaium Mia0M. Meyyappan1P. K. Giri2Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, IndiaCentre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, IndiaCentre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, IndiaThere has been an exponential surge in reports on two-dimensional (2D) materials ever since the discovery of graphene in 2004. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a class of 2D materials where weak van der Waals force binds individual covalently bonded X–M–X layers (where M is the transition metal and X is the chalcogen), making layer-controlled synthesis possible. These individual building blocks (single-layer TMDs) transition from indirect to direct band gaps and have fascinating optical and electronic properties. Layer-dependent opto-electrical properties, along with the existence of finite band gaps, make single-layer TMDs superior to the well-known graphene that paves the way for their applications in many areas. Ultra-fast response, high on/off ratio, planar structure, low operational voltage, wafer scale synthesis capabilities, high surface-to-volume ratio, and compatibility with standard fabrication processes makes TMDs ideal candidates to replace conventional semiconductors, such as silicon, etc., in the new-age electrical, electronic, and opto-electronic devices. Besides, TMDs can be potentially utilized in single molecular sensing for early detection of different biomarkers, gas sensors, photodetector, and catalytic applications. The impact of COVID-19 has given rise to an upsurge in demand for biosensors with real-time detection capabilities. TMDs as active or supporting biosensing elements exhibit potential for real-time detection of single biomarkers and, hence, show promise in the development of point-of-care healthcare devices. In this review, we provide a historical survey of 2D TMD-based biosensors for the detection of bio analytes ranging from bacteria, viruses, and whole cells to molecular biomarkers via optical, electronic, and electrochemical sensing mechanisms. Current approaches and the latest developments in the study of healthcare devices using 2D TMDs are discussed. Additionally, this review presents an overview of the challenges in the area and discusses the future perspective of 2D TMDs in the field of biosensing for healthcare devices.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/2/169biosensors2D materialstransition metal dichalcogenidespoint of careelectrochemical sensingoptical sensing |
| spellingShingle | Abdul Kaium Mia M. Meyyappan P. K. Giri Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Based Biosensors: From Fundamentals to Healthcare Applications Biosensors biosensors 2D materials transition metal dichalcogenides point of care electrochemical sensing optical sensing |
| title | Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Based Biosensors: From Fundamentals to Healthcare Applications |
| title_full | Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Based Biosensors: From Fundamentals to Healthcare Applications |
| title_fullStr | Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Based Biosensors: From Fundamentals to Healthcare Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Based Biosensors: From Fundamentals to Healthcare Applications |
| title_short | Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Based Biosensors: From Fundamentals to Healthcare Applications |
| title_sort | two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide based biosensors from fundamentals to healthcare applications |
| topic | biosensors 2D materials transition metal dichalcogenides point of care electrochemical sensing optical sensing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/2/169 |
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