| Summary: | Two garlic-derived compounds, Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTS) and Propyl Propane Thiosulfinate (PTSO), were examined for their efficacy against mycotoxigenic <i>Fusarium</i> species (<i>F. graminearum</i>, <i>F. langsethiae</i>, <i>F. verticillioides</i>). The objectives were to assess the inhibitory effect of these compounds on growth and mycotoxin production <i>in vitro</i>, and <i>in situ</i> in artificially inoculated wheat, oats and maize with one isolate of each respectively, at different water activity (a<sub>w</sub>) conditions when stored for up to 20 days at 25 °C. <i>In vitro</i>, 200 ppm of either PTS or PTSO reduced fungal growth by 50−100% and mycotoxin production by >90% depending on species, mycotoxin and a<sub>w</sub> conditions on milled wheat, oats and maize respectively. PTS was generally more effective than PTSO. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) were decreased by 50% with 80 ppm PTSO. One-hundred ppm of PTS reduced DON and ZEN production in wheat stored at 0.93 a<sub>w</sub> for 20 days, although contamination was still above the legislative limits. Contrasting effects on T-2/HT-2 toxin contamination of oats was found depending on a<sub>w</sub>, with PTS stimulating production under marginal conditions (0.93 a<sub>w</sub>), but at 0.95 a<sub>w</sub> effective control was achieved with 100 ppm. Treatment of stored maize inoculated with <i>F. verticilliodies</i> resulted in a stimulation of total fumonsins in most treatments. The potential use of such compounds for mycotoxin control in stored commodities is discussed.
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