Wire Laser Metal Deposition Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel Components—Development of a Systematic Methodology
A systematic four-stage methodology was developed and applied to the Laser Metal Deposition with Wire (LMDw) of a duplex stainless steel (DSS) cylinder > 20 kg. In the four stages, single-bead passes, a single-bead wall, a block, and finally a cylinder were produced. This stepwise approach allowe...
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2021-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/23/7170 |
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| author | Amir Baghdadchi Vahid A. Hosseini Maria Asuncion Valiente Bermejo Björn Axelsson Ebrahim Harati Mats Högström Leif Karlsson |
| author_facet | Amir Baghdadchi Vahid A. Hosseini Maria Asuncion Valiente Bermejo Björn Axelsson Ebrahim Harati Mats Högström Leif Karlsson |
| author_sort | Amir Baghdadchi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A systematic four-stage methodology was developed and applied to the Laser Metal Deposition with Wire (LMDw) of a duplex stainless steel (DSS) cylinder > 20 kg. In the four stages, single-bead passes, a single-bead wall, a block, and finally a cylinder were produced. This stepwise approach allowed the development of LMDw process parameters and control systems while the volume of deposited material and the geometrical complexity of components increased. The as-deposited microstructure was inhomogeneous and repetitive, consisting of highly ferritic regions with nitrides and regions with high fractions of austenite. However, there were no cracks or lack of fusion defects; there were only some small pores, and strength and toughness were comparable to those of the corresponding steel grade. A heat treatment for 1 h at 1100 °C was performed to homogenize the microstructure, remove nitrides, and balance the ferrite and austenite fractions compensating for nitrogen loss occurring during LMDw. The heat treatment increased toughness and ductility and decreased strength, but these still matched steel properties. It was concluded that implementing a systematic methodology with a stepwise increase in the deposited volume and geometrical complexity is a cost-effective way of developing additive manufacturing procedures for the production of significantly sized metallic components. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:50:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-60ecb95a396940b1a4a43e0a2539ac5e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:50:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj.art-60ecb95a396940b1a4a43e0a2539ac5e2023-11-23T02:39:21ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-11-011423717010.3390/ma14237170Wire Laser Metal Deposition Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel Components—Development of a Systematic MethodologyAmir Baghdadchi0Vahid A. Hosseini1Maria Asuncion Valiente Bermejo2Björn Axelsson3Ebrahim Harati4Mats Högström5Leif Karlsson6Department of Engineering Science, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, SwedenDepartment of Engineering Science, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, SwedenDepartment of Engineering Science, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, SwedenAlfa Laval Tumba AB, 147 80 Tumba, SwedenDepartment of Engineering Science, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, SwedenDepartment of Engineering Science, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, SwedenDepartment of Engineering Science, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, SwedenA systematic four-stage methodology was developed and applied to the Laser Metal Deposition with Wire (LMDw) of a duplex stainless steel (DSS) cylinder > 20 kg. In the four stages, single-bead passes, a single-bead wall, a block, and finally a cylinder were produced. This stepwise approach allowed the development of LMDw process parameters and control systems while the volume of deposited material and the geometrical complexity of components increased. The as-deposited microstructure was inhomogeneous and repetitive, consisting of highly ferritic regions with nitrides and regions with high fractions of austenite. However, there were no cracks or lack of fusion defects; there were only some small pores, and strength and toughness were comparable to those of the corresponding steel grade. A heat treatment for 1 h at 1100 °C was performed to homogenize the microstructure, remove nitrides, and balance the ferrite and austenite fractions compensating for nitrogen loss occurring during LMDw. The heat treatment increased toughness and ductility and decreased strength, but these still matched steel properties. It was concluded that implementing a systematic methodology with a stepwise increase in the deposited volume and geometrical complexity is a cost-effective way of developing additive manufacturing procedures for the production of significantly sized metallic components.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/23/7170additive manufacturingduplex stainless steellaser metal depositionmethodologymechanical propertiesmicrostructure characterization |
| spellingShingle | Amir Baghdadchi Vahid A. Hosseini Maria Asuncion Valiente Bermejo Björn Axelsson Ebrahim Harati Mats Högström Leif Karlsson Wire Laser Metal Deposition Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel Components—Development of a Systematic Methodology Materials additive manufacturing duplex stainless steel laser metal deposition methodology mechanical properties microstructure characterization |
| title | Wire Laser Metal Deposition Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel Components—Development of a Systematic Methodology |
| title_full | Wire Laser Metal Deposition Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel Components—Development of a Systematic Methodology |
| title_fullStr | Wire Laser Metal Deposition Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel Components—Development of a Systematic Methodology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wire Laser Metal Deposition Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel Components—Development of a Systematic Methodology |
| title_short | Wire Laser Metal Deposition Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel Components—Development of a Systematic Methodology |
| title_sort | wire laser metal deposition additive manufacturing of duplex stainless steel components development of a systematic methodology |
| topic | additive manufacturing duplex stainless steel laser metal deposition methodology mechanical properties microstructure characterization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/23/7170 |
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