Prediabetes increases the risk of major limb and cardiovascular events
Abstract Background Prediabetes, an intermediate stage between normal blood sugar levels and a diabetes mellitus diagnosis, is increasing in prevalence. Severe prediabetes is associated with a similar risk of complications as diabetes, but its relationship with peripheral arterial disease remains un...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Cardiovascular Diabetology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-02085-y |
| _version_ | 1827399659340955648 |
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| author | Jung-Chi Hsu Yen-Yun Yang Shu-Lin Chuang Jen-Kuang Lee Lian-Yu Lin |
| author_facet | Jung-Chi Hsu Yen-Yun Yang Shu-Lin Chuang Jen-Kuang Lee Lian-Yu Lin |
| author_sort | Jung-Chi Hsu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Prediabetes, an intermediate stage between normal blood sugar levels and a diabetes mellitus diagnosis, is increasing in prevalence. Severe prediabetes is associated with a similar risk of complications as diabetes, but its relationship with peripheral arterial disease remains underexplored. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 36,950 adult patients, utilizing electronic medical records from the National Taiwan University Hospital between 2014 and 2019. We employed multivariable Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis with the log-rank test to analyze major adverse limb events (MALE) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in relation to normal glucose regulation (NGR) and prediabetes. Results During the 131,783 person-years follow-up, 17,754 cases of prediabetes and 19,196 individuals with normal glucose regulation (NGR) were identified. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed an increased incidence of both MALE and MACE in individuals with prediabetes. (log-rank p = 0.024 and < 0.001). Prediabetes exhibited a significant association with an elevated risk of MALE (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.26 [95% CI 1.10–1.46], p = 0.001) and MACE (aHR 1.46 [1.27–1.67], p < 0.001). Furthermore, in individuals with prediabetes, the elevation in the risk of MALE commenced before HbA1c levels surpassed 5.0% (for HbA1c 5.0-5.5%: aHR 1.78 (1.04–3.04), p = 0.036; HbA1c 5.5-6.0%: aHR 1.29 [1.06–1.58], p = 0.012; aHbA1c 6.0-6.5%: aHR 1.39 [1.14–1.70], p < 0.001). Similarly, the onset of increased MACE risk was observed when HbA1c levels exceeded 5.5% (for HbA1c 5.5–6.0%: aHR 1.67 [1.39–2.01], p < 0.001; HbA1c 6.0-6.5%: HR 2.10 [1.76–2.51], p < 0.001). Factors associated with both MALE and MACE in prediabetes include advanced age, male gender, higher body mass index, and a history of heart failure or atrial fibrillation. Conclusion We demonstrated higher susceptibility to MALE and MACE in prediabetes compared to normoglycemic counterparts, notwithstanding lower HbA1c levels. Complications may manifest at an earlier prediabetes trajectory. Intensive lifestyle modification may improve the prognosis of severe prediabetes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:49:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-60f034f5b2bd4bfc8faaafeba32ff94c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2840 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:49:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cardiovascular Diabetology |
| spelling | doaj.art-60f034f5b2bd4bfc8faaafeba32ff94c2023-12-24T12:09:15ZengBMCCardiovascular Diabetology1475-28402023-12-0122111110.1186/s12933-023-02085-yPrediabetes increases the risk of major limb and cardiovascular eventsJung-Chi Hsu0Yen-Yun Yang1Shu-Lin Chuang2Jen-Kuang Lee3Lian-Yu Lin4Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Jinshan BranchDepartment of Medical Research, National Taiwan University HospitalDepartment of Medical Research, National Taiwan University HospitalDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalAbstract Background Prediabetes, an intermediate stage between normal blood sugar levels and a diabetes mellitus diagnosis, is increasing in prevalence. Severe prediabetes is associated with a similar risk of complications as diabetes, but its relationship with peripheral arterial disease remains underexplored. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 36,950 adult patients, utilizing electronic medical records from the National Taiwan University Hospital between 2014 and 2019. We employed multivariable Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis with the log-rank test to analyze major adverse limb events (MALE) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in relation to normal glucose regulation (NGR) and prediabetes. Results During the 131,783 person-years follow-up, 17,754 cases of prediabetes and 19,196 individuals with normal glucose regulation (NGR) were identified. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed an increased incidence of both MALE and MACE in individuals with prediabetes. (log-rank p = 0.024 and < 0.001). Prediabetes exhibited a significant association with an elevated risk of MALE (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.26 [95% CI 1.10–1.46], p = 0.001) and MACE (aHR 1.46 [1.27–1.67], p < 0.001). Furthermore, in individuals with prediabetes, the elevation in the risk of MALE commenced before HbA1c levels surpassed 5.0% (for HbA1c 5.0-5.5%: aHR 1.78 (1.04–3.04), p = 0.036; HbA1c 5.5-6.0%: aHR 1.29 [1.06–1.58], p = 0.012; aHbA1c 6.0-6.5%: aHR 1.39 [1.14–1.70], p < 0.001). Similarly, the onset of increased MACE risk was observed when HbA1c levels exceeded 5.5% (for HbA1c 5.5–6.0%: aHR 1.67 [1.39–2.01], p < 0.001; HbA1c 6.0-6.5%: HR 2.10 [1.76–2.51], p < 0.001). Factors associated with both MALE and MACE in prediabetes include advanced age, male gender, higher body mass index, and a history of heart failure or atrial fibrillation. Conclusion We demonstrated higher susceptibility to MALE and MACE in prediabetes compared to normoglycemic counterparts, notwithstanding lower HbA1c levels. Complications may manifest at an earlier prediabetes trajectory. Intensive lifestyle modification may improve the prognosis of severe prediabetes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-02085-yPrediabetesPeripheral arterial DiseaseMajor adverse limb event (MALE)Major cardiovascular event (MACE) |
| spellingShingle | Jung-Chi Hsu Yen-Yun Yang Shu-Lin Chuang Jen-Kuang Lee Lian-Yu Lin Prediabetes increases the risk of major limb and cardiovascular events Cardiovascular Diabetology Prediabetes Peripheral arterial Disease Major adverse limb event (MALE) Major cardiovascular event (MACE) |
| title | Prediabetes increases the risk of major limb and cardiovascular events |
| title_full | Prediabetes increases the risk of major limb and cardiovascular events |
| title_fullStr | Prediabetes increases the risk of major limb and cardiovascular events |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prediabetes increases the risk of major limb and cardiovascular events |
| title_short | Prediabetes increases the risk of major limb and cardiovascular events |
| title_sort | prediabetes increases the risk of major limb and cardiovascular events |
| topic | Prediabetes Peripheral arterial Disease Major adverse limb event (MALE) Major cardiovascular event (MACE) |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-02085-y |
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