A Study on the Antibacterial, Antispasmodic, Antipyretic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract from <i>Jasminum sambac</i> (L. Aiton)
The green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using plants has grown in significance in recent years. ZnO NPs were synthesized in this work via a chemical precipitation method with <i>Jasminum sambac</i> (JS) leaf extract serving as a capping agent. These NPs were characteriz...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/7/1464 |
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| author | S. K. Johnsy Sugitha Raja Venkatesan R. Gladis Latha Alexandre A. Vetcher Bandar Ali Al-Asbahi Seong-Cheol Kim |
| author_facet | S. K. Johnsy Sugitha Raja Venkatesan R. Gladis Latha Alexandre A. Vetcher Bandar Ali Al-Asbahi Seong-Cheol Kim |
| author_sort | S. K. Johnsy Sugitha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using plants has grown in significance in recent years. ZnO NPs were synthesized in this work via a chemical precipitation method with <i>Jasminum sambac</i> (JS) leaf extract serving as a capping agent. These NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, and DTA. The results from UV-vis and FT-IR confirmed the band gap energies (3.37 eV and 3.50 eV) and the presence of the following functional groups: CN, OH, C=O, and NH. A spherical structure and an average grain size of 26 nm were confirmed via XRD. The size and surface morphology of the ZnO NPs were confirmed through the use of SEM analysis. According to the TEM images, the ZnO NPs had an average mean size of 26 nm and were spherical in shape. The TGA curve indicated that the weight loss starts at 100 °C, rising to 900 °C, as a result of the evaporation of water molecules. An exothermic peak was seen during the DTA analysis at 480 °C. Effective antibacterial activity was found at 7.32 ± 0.44 mm in Gram-positive bacteria (<i>S. aureus</i>) and at 15.54 ± 0.031 mm in Gram-negative (<i>E. coli</i>) bacteria against the ZnO NPs. Antispasmodic activity: the 0.3 mL/mL sample solution demonstrated significant reductions in stimulant effects induced by histamine (at a concentration of 1 µg/mL) by (78.19%), acetylcholine (at a concentration of 1 µM) by (67.57%), and nicotine (at a concentration of 2 µg/mL) by (84.35%). The antipyretic activity was identified using the specific <i>Shodhan vidhi</i> method, and their anti-inflammatory properties were effectively evaluated with a denaturation test. A 0.3 mL/mL sample solution demonstrated significant reductions in stimulant effects induced by histamine (at a concentration of 1 µg/mL) by 78.19%, acetylcholine (at a concentration of 1 µM) by 67.57%, and nicotine (at a concentration of 2 µg/mL) by 84.35%. These results underscore the sample solution’s potential as an effective therapeutic agent, showcasing its notable antispasmodic activity. Among the administered doses, the 150 mg/kg sample dose exhibited the most potent antipyretic effects. The anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized NPs showed a remarkable inhibition percentage of (97.14 ± 0.005) at higher concentrations (250 µg/mL). Furthermore, a cytotoxic effect was noted when the biologically synthesized ZnO NPs were introduced to treated cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:39:04Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-60f2e7abe0784d2196cab3646f9508822024-04-12T13:23:08ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-03-01297146410.3390/molecules29071464A Study on the Antibacterial, Antispasmodic, Antipyretic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract from <i>Jasminum sambac</i> (L. Aiton)S. K. Johnsy Sugitha0Raja Venkatesan1R. Gladis Latha2Alexandre A. Vetcher3Bandar Ali Al-Asbahi4Seong-Cheol Kim5Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, IndiaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemistry and Research Centre, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil 629002, IndiaInstitute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaThe green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using plants has grown in significance in recent years. ZnO NPs were synthesized in this work via a chemical precipitation method with <i>Jasminum sambac</i> (JS) leaf extract serving as a capping agent. These NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, and DTA. The results from UV-vis and FT-IR confirmed the band gap energies (3.37 eV and 3.50 eV) and the presence of the following functional groups: CN, OH, C=O, and NH. A spherical structure and an average grain size of 26 nm were confirmed via XRD. The size and surface morphology of the ZnO NPs were confirmed through the use of SEM analysis. According to the TEM images, the ZnO NPs had an average mean size of 26 nm and were spherical in shape. The TGA curve indicated that the weight loss starts at 100 °C, rising to 900 °C, as a result of the evaporation of water molecules. An exothermic peak was seen during the DTA analysis at 480 °C. Effective antibacterial activity was found at 7.32 ± 0.44 mm in Gram-positive bacteria (<i>S. aureus</i>) and at 15.54 ± 0.031 mm in Gram-negative (<i>E. coli</i>) bacteria against the ZnO NPs. Antispasmodic activity: the 0.3 mL/mL sample solution demonstrated significant reductions in stimulant effects induced by histamine (at a concentration of 1 µg/mL) by (78.19%), acetylcholine (at a concentration of 1 µM) by (67.57%), and nicotine (at a concentration of 2 µg/mL) by (84.35%). The antipyretic activity was identified using the specific <i>Shodhan vidhi</i> method, and their anti-inflammatory properties were effectively evaluated with a denaturation test. A 0.3 mL/mL sample solution demonstrated significant reductions in stimulant effects induced by histamine (at a concentration of 1 µg/mL) by 78.19%, acetylcholine (at a concentration of 1 µM) by 67.57%, and nicotine (at a concentration of 2 µg/mL) by 84.35%. These results underscore the sample solution’s potential as an effective therapeutic agent, showcasing its notable antispasmodic activity. Among the administered doses, the 150 mg/kg sample dose exhibited the most potent antipyretic effects. The anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized NPs showed a remarkable inhibition percentage of (97.14 ± 0.005) at higher concentrations (250 µg/mL). Furthermore, a cytotoxic effect was noted when the biologically synthesized ZnO NPs were introduced to treated cells.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/7/1464green synthesis<i>Jasminum sambac</i>ZnO NPsantibacterialantispasmodicantipyretic |
| spellingShingle | S. K. Johnsy Sugitha Raja Venkatesan R. Gladis Latha Alexandre A. Vetcher Bandar Ali Al-Asbahi Seong-Cheol Kim A Study on the Antibacterial, Antispasmodic, Antipyretic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract from <i>Jasminum sambac</i> (L. Aiton) Molecules green synthesis <i>Jasminum sambac</i> ZnO NPs antibacterial antispasmodic antipyretic |
| title | A Study on the Antibacterial, Antispasmodic, Antipyretic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract from <i>Jasminum sambac</i> (L. Aiton) |
| title_full | A Study on the Antibacterial, Antispasmodic, Antipyretic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract from <i>Jasminum sambac</i> (L. Aiton) |
| title_fullStr | A Study on the Antibacterial, Antispasmodic, Antipyretic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract from <i>Jasminum sambac</i> (L. Aiton) |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Study on the Antibacterial, Antispasmodic, Antipyretic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract from <i>Jasminum sambac</i> (L. Aiton) |
| title_short | A Study on the Antibacterial, Antispasmodic, Antipyretic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract from <i>Jasminum sambac</i> (L. Aiton) |
| title_sort | study on the antibacterial antispasmodic antipyretic and anti inflammatory activity of zno nanoparticles using leaf extract from i jasminum sambac i l aiton |
| topic | green synthesis <i>Jasminum sambac</i> ZnO NPs antibacterial antispasmodic antipyretic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/7/1464 |
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