Dietary Carotenoids Regulate Astaxanthin Content of Copepods and Modulate Their Susceptibility to UV Light and Copper Toxicity
High irradiation and the presence of xenobiotics favor the formation of reactive oxygen species in marine environments. Organisms have developed antioxidant defenses, including the accumulation of carotenoids that must be obtained from the diet. Astaxanthin is the main carotenoid in marine crustacea...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2012-04-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/10/5/998 |
| _version_ | 1798034372848254976 |
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| author | Kevin R. Carman Soraya J. Silva Maria-José Caramujo Carla C. C. R. de Carvalho |
| author_facet | Kevin R. Carman Soraya J. Silva Maria-José Caramujo Carla C. C. R. de Carvalho |
| author_sort | Kevin R. Carman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High irradiation and the presence of xenobiotics favor the formation of reactive oxygen species in marine environments. Organisms have developed antioxidant defenses, including the accumulation of carotenoids that must be obtained from the diet. Astaxanthin is the main carotenoid in marine crustaceans where, among other functions, it scavenges free radicals thus protecting cell compounds against oxidation. Four diets with different carotenoid composition were used to culture the meiobenthic copepod <em>Amphiascoides atopus</em> to assess how its astaxanthin content modulates the response to prooxidant stressors. <em>A. atopus</em> had the highest astaxanthin content when the carotenoid was supplied as astaxanthin esters (<em>i.e</em>., <em>Haematococcus</em> meal). Exposure to short wavelength UV light elicited a 77% to 92% decrease of the astaxanthin content of the copepod depending on the culture diet. The LC<sub>50</sub> values of <em>A. atopus</em> exposed to copper were directly related to the initial astaxanthin content. The accumulation of carotenoids may ascribe competitive advantages to certain species in areas subjected to pollution events by attenuating the detrimental effects of metals on survival, and possibly development and fecundity. Conversely, the loss of certain dietary items rich in carotenoids may be responsible for the amplification of the effects of metal exposure in consumers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:43:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-60f8ceb7d9ac4b8daa1d62d5245ce022 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:43:21Z |
| publishDate | 2012-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-60f8ceb7d9ac4b8daa1d62d5245ce0222022-12-22T04:04:07ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972012-04-01105998101810.3390/md10050998Dietary Carotenoids Regulate Astaxanthin Content of Copepods and Modulate Their Susceptibility to UV Light and Copper ToxicityKevin R. CarmanSoraya J. SilvaMaria-José CaramujoCarla C. C. R. de CarvalhoHigh irradiation and the presence of xenobiotics favor the formation of reactive oxygen species in marine environments. Organisms have developed antioxidant defenses, including the accumulation of carotenoids that must be obtained from the diet. Astaxanthin is the main carotenoid in marine crustaceans where, among other functions, it scavenges free radicals thus protecting cell compounds against oxidation. Four diets with different carotenoid composition were used to culture the meiobenthic copepod <em>Amphiascoides atopus</em> to assess how its astaxanthin content modulates the response to prooxidant stressors. <em>A. atopus</em> had the highest astaxanthin content when the carotenoid was supplied as astaxanthin esters (<em>i.e</em>., <em>Haematococcus</em> meal). Exposure to short wavelength UV light elicited a 77% to 92% decrease of the astaxanthin content of the copepod depending on the culture diet. The LC<sub>50</sub> values of <em>A. atopus</em> exposed to copper were directly related to the initial astaxanthin content. The accumulation of carotenoids may ascribe competitive advantages to certain species in areas subjected to pollution events by attenuating the detrimental effects of metals on survival, and possibly development and fecundity. Conversely, the loss of certain dietary items rich in carotenoids may be responsible for the amplification of the effects of metal exposure in consumers.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/10/5/998astaxanthinROStoxicitycoppercarotenoid pigmentcopepodHPLC |
| spellingShingle | Kevin R. Carman Soraya J. Silva Maria-José Caramujo Carla C. C. R. de Carvalho Dietary Carotenoids Regulate Astaxanthin Content of Copepods and Modulate Their Susceptibility to UV Light and Copper Toxicity Marine Drugs astaxanthin ROS toxicity copper carotenoid pigment copepod HPLC |
| title | Dietary Carotenoids Regulate Astaxanthin Content of Copepods and Modulate Their Susceptibility to UV Light and Copper Toxicity |
| title_full | Dietary Carotenoids Regulate Astaxanthin Content of Copepods and Modulate Their Susceptibility to UV Light and Copper Toxicity |
| title_fullStr | Dietary Carotenoids Regulate Astaxanthin Content of Copepods and Modulate Their Susceptibility to UV Light and Copper Toxicity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Carotenoids Regulate Astaxanthin Content of Copepods and Modulate Their Susceptibility to UV Light and Copper Toxicity |
| title_short | Dietary Carotenoids Regulate Astaxanthin Content of Copepods and Modulate Their Susceptibility to UV Light and Copper Toxicity |
| title_sort | dietary carotenoids regulate astaxanthin content of copepods and modulate their susceptibility to uv light and copper toxicity |
| topic | astaxanthin ROS toxicity copper carotenoid pigment copepod HPLC |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/10/5/998 |
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