Effects of Biological Therapies on Molecular Features of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the joints, and closely related to specific autoantibodies that mostly target modified self-epitopes. Relevant findings in the field of RA pathogenesis have been described. In particular, new insights com...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/23/9067 |
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| author | Chary Lopez-Pedrera Nuria Barbarroja Alejandra M. Patiño-Trives Maria Luque-Tévar Eduardo Collantes-Estevez Alejandro Escudero-Contreras Carlos Pérez-Sánchez |
| author_facet | Chary Lopez-Pedrera Nuria Barbarroja Alejandra M. Patiño-Trives Maria Luque-Tévar Eduardo Collantes-Estevez Alejandro Escudero-Contreras Carlos Pérez-Sánchez |
| author_sort | Chary Lopez-Pedrera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the joints, and closely related to specific autoantibodies that mostly target modified self-epitopes. Relevant findings in the field of RA pathogenesis have been described. In particular, new insights come from studies on synovial fibroblasts and cells belonging to the innate and adaptive immune system, which documented the aberrant production of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and NETosis, along with relevant alterations of the genome and on the regulatory epigenetic mechanisms. In recent years, the advances in the understanding of RA pathogenesis by identifying key cells and cytokines allowed the development of new targeted disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). These drugs considerably improved treatment outcomes for the majority of patients. Moreover, numerous studies demonstrated that the pharmacological therapy with biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) promotes, in parallel to their clinical efficacy, significant improvement in all these altered molecular mechanisms. Thus, continuous updating of the knowledge of molecular processes associated with the pathogenesis of RA, and on the specific effects of bDMARDs in the correction of their dysregulation, are essential in the early and correct approach to the treatment of this complex autoimmune disorder. The present review details basic mechanisms related to the physiopathology of RA, along with the core mechanisms of response to bDMARDs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:28:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-60fb0f69d7f148358a3b4851757c5994 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:28:10Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-60fb0f69d7f148358a3b4851757c59942023-11-20T22:47:15ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-11-012123906710.3390/ijms21239067Effects of Biological Therapies on Molecular Features of Rheumatoid ArthritisChary Lopez-Pedrera0Nuria Barbarroja1Alejandra M. Patiño-Trives2Maria Luque-Tévar3Eduardo Collantes-Estevez4Alejandro Escudero-Contreras5Carlos Pérez-Sánchez6Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, E-14004 Córdoba, SpainRheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, E-14004 Córdoba, SpainRheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, E-14004 Córdoba, SpainRheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, E-14004 Córdoba, SpainRheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, E-14004 Córdoba, SpainRheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, E-14004 Córdoba, SpainRheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, E-14004 Córdoba, SpainRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the joints, and closely related to specific autoantibodies that mostly target modified self-epitopes. Relevant findings in the field of RA pathogenesis have been described. In particular, new insights come from studies on synovial fibroblasts and cells belonging to the innate and adaptive immune system, which documented the aberrant production of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and NETosis, along with relevant alterations of the genome and on the regulatory epigenetic mechanisms. In recent years, the advances in the understanding of RA pathogenesis by identifying key cells and cytokines allowed the development of new targeted disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). These drugs considerably improved treatment outcomes for the majority of patients. Moreover, numerous studies demonstrated that the pharmacological therapy with biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) promotes, in parallel to their clinical efficacy, significant improvement in all these altered molecular mechanisms. Thus, continuous updating of the knowledge of molecular processes associated with the pathogenesis of RA, and on the specific effects of bDMARDs in the correction of their dysregulation, are essential in the early and correct approach to the treatment of this complex autoimmune disorder. The present review details basic mechanisms related to the physiopathology of RA, along with the core mechanisms of response to bDMARDs.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/23/9067rheumatoid arthritisautoimmunityinflammationoxidative stressNETosisgenome |
| spellingShingle | Chary Lopez-Pedrera Nuria Barbarroja Alejandra M. Patiño-Trives Maria Luque-Tévar Eduardo Collantes-Estevez Alejandro Escudero-Contreras Carlos Pérez-Sánchez Effects of Biological Therapies on Molecular Features of Rheumatoid Arthritis International Journal of Molecular Sciences rheumatoid arthritis autoimmunity inflammation oxidative stress NETosis genome |
| title | Effects of Biological Therapies on Molecular Features of Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| title_full | Effects of Biological Therapies on Molecular Features of Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Biological Therapies on Molecular Features of Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Biological Therapies on Molecular Features of Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| title_short | Effects of Biological Therapies on Molecular Features of Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| title_sort | effects of biological therapies on molecular features of rheumatoid arthritis |
| topic | rheumatoid arthritis autoimmunity inflammation oxidative stress NETosis genome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/23/9067 |
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