Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples Using Deep Eutectic Solvent as a Dispersant in Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on the Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet
A novel dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on the solidification of a floating organic droplet was proposed to pre-concentrate 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water samples prior to their determination using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, in which the effect...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/14/2579 |
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| author | Chunlong Peng Jinfeng Hu Xin Li |
| author_facet | Chunlong Peng Jinfeng Hu Xin Li |
| author_sort | Chunlong Peng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A novel dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on the solidification of a floating organic droplet was proposed to pre-concentrate 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water samples prior to their determination using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, in which the effect of hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent (DES) used as a dispersant was investigated. The main extraction parameters were optimized, and the procedure was validated. DES2 synthesized using choline chloride with acetic acid at a molar ratio of 1:2 was selected as the dispersant. Under the optimum extraction conditions, 12 mL of the water sample was injected into the mixed solvent containing 60 μL of 1-dodecanol (extractant) and 316 μL of DES2, ultrasound-mixed for 4 min, and then centrifuged for 5 min to separate the phases. The proposed method showed good linearity in the range of 0.02–5.0 μg/L; the limits of detection were 3.5–14.1 ng/L, the limits of quantification were 11.8–46.9 ng/L, the relative standard deviations were below 6.1%, and the enrichment factors ranged from 142 to 175 for the 16 PAHs. Finally, the proposed method was successfully employed to determine PAHs in real water samples. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:33:14Z |
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| id | doaj.art-60fbcd0715c7488296d9d6c9eeeec556 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:33:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-60fbcd0715c7488296d9d6c9eeeec5562023-11-18T21:47:20ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-07-011514257910.3390/w15142579Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples Using Deep Eutectic Solvent as a Dispersant in Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on the Solidification of Floating Organic DropletChunlong Peng0Jinfeng Hu1Xin Li2Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, ChinaInstitute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, ChinaA novel dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on the solidification of a floating organic droplet was proposed to pre-concentrate 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water samples prior to their determination using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, in which the effect of hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent (DES) used as a dispersant was investigated. The main extraction parameters were optimized, and the procedure was validated. DES2 synthesized using choline chloride with acetic acid at a molar ratio of 1:2 was selected as the dispersant. Under the optimum extraction conditions, 12 mL of the water sample was injected into the mixed solvent containing 60 μL of 1-dodecanol (extractant) and 316 μL of DES2, ultrasound-mixed for 4 min, and then centrifuged for 5 min to separate the phases. The proposed method showed good linearity in the range of 0.02–5.0 μg/L; the limits of detection were 3.5–14.1 ng/L, the limits of quantification were 11.8–46.9 ng/L, the relative standard deviations were below 6.1%, and the enrichment factors ranged from 142 to 175 for the 16 PAHs. Finally, the proposed method was successfully employed to determine PAHs in real water samples.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/14/2579dispersive liquid–liquid microextractiondeep eutectic solventdispersantpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonswater samples |
| spellingShingle | Chunlong Peng Jinfeng Hu Xin Li Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples Using Deep Eutectic Solvent as a Dispersant in Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on the Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet Water dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction deep eutectic solvent dispersant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons water samples |
| title | Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples Using Deep Eutectic Solvent as a Dispersant in Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on the Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet |
| title_full | Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples Using Deep Eutectic Solvent as a Dispersant in Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on the Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples Using Deep Eutectic Solvent as a Dispersant in Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on the Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples Using Deep Eutectic Solvent as a Dispersant in Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on the Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet |
| title_short | Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples Using Deep Eutectic Solvent as a Dispersant in Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on the Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet |
| title_sort | analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples using deep eutectic solvent as a dispersant in dispersive liquid liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplet |
| topic | dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction deep eutectic solvent dispersant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons water samples |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/14/2579 |
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