Livestock and rodents within an endemic focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis are not reservoir hosts for Leishmania donovani.
Leishmaniasis on the Indian subcontinent is thought to have an anthroponotic transmission cycle. There is no direct evidence that a mammalian host other than humans can be infected with Leishmania donovani and transmit infection to the sand fly vector. The aim of the present study was to evaluate th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2022-10-01
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| Series: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010347 |
| _version_ | 1797832695315693568 |
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| author | Anurag Kumar Kushwaha Ashish Shukla Breanna M Scorza Tulika Kumari Rai Rahul Chaubey Dharmendra Kumar Maurya Shweta Srivastva Shreya Upadhyay Abhishek Kumar Singh Paritosh Malviya Om Prakash Singh Vivek Kumar Scholar Puja Tiwary Shakti Kumar Singh Phillip Lawyer Edgar Rowton Scott A Bernhardt Christine A Petersen Shyam Sundar |
| author_facet | Anurag Kumar Kushwaha Ashish Shukla Breanna M Scorza Tulika Kumari Rai Rahul Chaubey Dharmendra Kumar Maurya Shweta Srivastva Shreya Upadhyay Abhishek Kumar Singh Paritosh Malviya Om Prakash Singh Vivek Kumar Scholar Puja Tiwary Shakti Kumar Singh Phillip Lawyer Edgar Rowton Scott A Bernhardt Christine A Petersen Shyam Sundar |
| author_sort | Anurag Kumar Kushwaha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leishmaniasis on the Indian subcontinent is thought to have an anthroponotic transmission cycle. There is no direct evidence that a mammalian host other than humans can be infected with Leishmania donovani and transmit infection to the sand fly vector. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of sand fly feeding on other domestic species and provide clinical evidence regarding possible non-human reservoirs through experimental sand fly feeding on cows, water buffalo goats and rodents. We performed xenodiagnosis using colonized Phlebotomus argentipes sand flies to feed on animals residing in villages with active Leishmania transmission based on current human cases. Xenodiagnoses on mammals within the endemic area were performed and blood-fed flies were analyzed for the presence of Leishmania via qPCR 48hrs after feeding. Blood samples were also collected from these mammals for qPCR and serology. Although we found evidence of Leishmania infection within some domestic mammals, they were not infectious to vector sand flies. Monitoring infection in sand flies and non-human blood meal sources in endemic villages leads to scientific proof of exposure and parasitemia in resident mammals. Lack of infectiousness of these domestic mammals to vector sand flies indicates that they likely play no role, or a very limited role in Leishmania donovani transmission to people in Bihar. Therefore, a surveillance system in the peri-/post-elimination phase of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) must monitor absence of transmission. Continued surveillance of domestic mammals in outbreak villages is necessary to ensure that a non-human reservoir is not established, including domestic mammals not present in this study, specifically dogs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T14:11:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-61154da9c17a4fc58fce63d8ef53f4db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T14:11:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-61154da9c17a4fc58fce63d8ef53f4db2023-05-06T05:31:47ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352022-10-011610e001034710.1371/journal.pntd.0010347Livestock and rodents within an endemic focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis are not reservoir hosts for Leishmania donovani.Anurag Kumar KushwahaAshish ShuklaBreanna M ScorzaTulika Kumari RaiRahul ChaubeyDharmendra Kumar MauryaShweta SrivastvaShreya UpadhyayAbhishek Kumar SinghParitosh MalviyaOm Prakash SinghVivek Kumar ScholarPuja TiwaryShakti Kumar SinghPhillip LawyerEdgar RowtonScott A BernhardtChristine A PetersenShyam SundarLeishmaniasis on the Indian subcontinent is thought to have an anthroponotic transmission cycle. There is no direct evidence that a mammalian host other than humans can be infected with Leishmania donovani and transmit infection to the sand fly vector. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of sand fly feeding on other domestic species and provide clinical evidence regarding possible non-human reservoirs through experimental sand fly feeding on cows, water buffalo goats and rodents. We performed xenodiagnosis using colonized Phlebotomus argentipes sand flies to feed on animals residing in villages with active Leishmania transmission based on current human cases. Xenodiagnoses on mammals within the endemic area were performed and blood-fed flies were analyzed for the presence of Leishmania via qPCR 48hrs after feeding. Blood samples were also collected from these mammals for qPCR and serology. Although we found evidence of Leishmania infection within some domestic mammals, they were not infectious to vector sand flies. Monitoring infection in sand flies and non-human blood meal sources in endemic villages leads to scientific proof of exposure and parasitemia in resident mammals. Lack of infectiousness of these domestic mammals to vector sand flies indicates that they likely play no role, or a very limited role in Leishmania donovani transmission to people in Bihar. Therefore, a surveillance system in the peri-/post-elimination phase of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) must monitor absence of transmission. Continued surveillance of domestic mammals in outbreak villages is necessary to ensure that a non-human reservoir is not established, including domestic mammals not present in this study, specifically dogs.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010347 |
| spellingShingle | Anurag Kumar Kushwaha Ashish Shukla Breanna M Scorza Tulika Kumari Rai Rahul Chaubey Dharmendra Kumar Maurya Shweta Srivastva Shreya Upadhyay Abhishek Kumar Singh Paritosh Malviya Om Prakash Singh Vivek Kumar Scholar Puja Tiwary Shakti Kumar Singh Phillip Lawyer Edgar Rowton Scott A Bernhardt Christine A Petersen Shyam Sundar Livestock and rodents within an endemic focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis are not reservoir hosts for Leishmania donovani. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| title | Livestock and rodents within an endemic focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis are not reservoir hosts for Leishmania donovani. |
| title_full | Livestock and rodents within an endemic focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis are not reservoir hosts for Leishmania donovani. |
| title_fullStr | Livestock and rodents within an endemic focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis are not reservoir hosts for Leishmania donovani. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Livestock and rodents within an endemic focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis are not reservoir hosts for Leishmania donovani. |
| title_short | Livestock and rodents within an endemic focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis are not reservoir hosts for Leishmania donovani. |
| title_sort | livestock and rodents within an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis are not reservoir hosts for leishmania donovani |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010347 |
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