Immunological Pathways in Sarcoidosis and Autoimmune Rheumatic Disorders—Similarities and Differences in an Italian Prospective Real-Life Preliminary Study
Background: The pathogenesis of sarcoidosis involves T cells and B lymphocytes that produce autoantibodies. We compared the expression of different T and B cell subsets in sarcoidosis and three B-mediated rheumatic diseases that can affect the lungs in an attempt to identify similarities and differe...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| author | Miriana d’Alessandro Laura Bergantini Sara Gangi Edoardo Conticini Dalila Cavallaro Paolo Cameli Fabrizio Mezzasalma Luca Cantarini Bruno Frediani Elena Bargagli |
| author_facet | Miriana d’Alessandro Laura Bergantini Sara Gangi Edoardo Conticini Dalila Cavallaro Paolo Cameli Fabrizio Mezzasalma Luca Cantarini Bruno Frediani Elena Bargagli |
| author_sort | Miriana d’Alessandro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The pathogenesis of sarcoidosis involves T cells and B lymphocytes that produce autoantibodies. We compared the expression of different T and B cell subsets in sarcoidosis and three B-mediated rheumatic diseases that can affect the lungs in an attempt to identify similarities and differences that distinguish these diseases. Methods: The study included patients referred to Siena University Hospital’s respiratory disease and rheumatology units. Patients were enrolled prospectively and consecutively. Healthy volunteers were also included. Multicolor flow cytometry was performed on phenotype T and B cell subsets. Multivariate analysis was carried out to reduce the dimensionality of the data. Results: Fifteen patients had a diagnosis of sarcoidosis, fourteen idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), five granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), ten microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and seven were controls. Thirty-five T and B cell subsets were phenotyped, 15 of which were significantly different in sarcoidosis, B-mediated rheumatic disorders, and controls. Principal components analysis distinguished the four groups of patients with a total explained variance of 54.7%. A decision tree was constructed to determine which clustering variables would be most useful for distinguishing sarcoidosis, IIM, MPA, and GPA. The model showed regulatory T helper cells (Th-reg) > 5.70% in 91% of sarcoidosis patients as well as Th-reg ≤ 5.70 and Th17 > 43.27 in 100% of MPA. It also showed Th-reg ≤ 5.70, Th17 ≤ 43.27 and Tfh-reg ≥ 7.81 in 100% of GPA patients, and Th-reg ≤ 5.70, Th17 ≤ 43.27 and Tfh-reg ≤ 7.81 in 100% of IIM patients. Conclusion: The immune cell profile sheds light on similarities and differences between sarcoidosis and B-mediated rheumatic diseases. Sarcoidosis and autoimmune diseases show similar patterns of cellular immune dysregulation, suggesting a common pathogenic pathway that may provide an opportunity for further understanding autoimmunity and exploring biological therapies to treat sarcoidosis. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:44:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-613938ba3bc84cd5a3d67a99cf74c3a12023-11-18T09:24:42ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-05-01116153210.3390/biomedicines11061532Immunological Pathways in Sarcoidosis and Autoimmune Rheumatic Disorders—Similarities and Differences in an Italian Prospective Real-Life Preliminary StudyMiriana d’Alessandro0Laura Bergantini1Sara Gangi2Edoardo Conticini3Dalila Cavallaro4Paolo Cameli5Fabrizio Mezzasalma6Luca Cantarini7Bruno Frediani8Elena Bargagli9Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyRespiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyRespiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyRheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyRespiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyRespiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyDiagnostic and Interventional Bronchoscopy Unit, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS), University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyRheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyRheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyRespiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyBackground: The pathogenesis of sarcoidosis involves T cells and B lymphocytes that produce autoantibodies. We compared the expression of different T and B cell subsets in sarcoidosis and three B-mediated rheumatic diseases that can affect the lungs in an attempt to identify similarities and differences that distinguish these diseases. Methods: The study included patients referred to Siena University Hospital’s respiratory disease and rheumatology units. Patients were enrolled prospectively and consecutively. Healthy volunteers were also included. Multicolor flow cytometry was performed on phenotype T and B cell subsets. Multivariate analysis was carried out to reduce the dimensionality of the data. Results: Fifteen patients had a diagnosis of sarcoidosis, fourteen idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), five granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), ten microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and seven were controls. Thirty-five T and B cell subsets were phenotyped, 15 of which were significantly different in sarcoidosis, B-mediated rheumatic disorders, and controls. Principal components analysis distinguished the four groups of patients with a total explained variance of 54.7%. A decision tree was constructed to determine which clustering variables would be most useful for distinguishing sarcoidosis, IIM, MPA, and GPA. The model showed regulatory T helper cells (Th-reg) > 5.70% in 91% of sarcoidosis patients as well as Th-reg ≤ 5.70 and Th17 > 43.27 in 100% of MPA. It also showed Th-reg ≤ 5.70, Th17 ≤ 43.27 and Tfh-reg ≥ 7.81 in 100% of GPA patients, and Th-reg ≤ 5.70, Th17 ≤ 43.27 and Tfh-reg ≤ 7.81 in 100% of IIM patients. Conclusion: The immune cell profile sheds light on similarities and differences between sarcoidosis and B-mediated rheumatic diseases. Sarcoidosis and autoimmune diseases show similar patterns of cellular immune dysregulation, suggesting a common pathogenic pathway that may provide an opportunity for further understanding autoimmunity and exploring biological therapies to treat sarcoidosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/6/1532sarcoidosisautoimmune rheumatic disordersadaptive immune system |
| spellingShingle | Miriana d’Alessandro Laura Bergantini Sara Gangi Edoardo Conticini Dalila Cavallaro Paolo Cameli Fabrizio Mezzasalma Luca Cantarini Bruno Frediani Elena Bargagli Immunological Pathways in Sarcoidosis and Autoimmune Rheumatic Disorders—Similarities and Differences in an Italian Prospective Real-Life Preliminary Study Biomedicines sarcoidosis autoimmune rheumatic disorders adaptive immune system |
| title | Immunological Pathways in Sarcoidosis and Autoimmune Rheumatic Disorders—Similarities and Differences in an Italian Prospective Real-Life Preliminary Study |
| title_full | Immunological Pathways in Sarcoidosis and Autoimmune Rheumatic Disorders—Similarities and Differences in an Italian Prospective Real-Life Preliminary Study |
| title_fullStr | Immunological Pathways in Sarcoidosis and Autoimmune Rheumatic Disorders—Similarities and Differences in an Italian Prospective Real-Life Preliminary Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunological Pathways in Sarcoidosis and Autoimmune Rheumatic Disorders—Similarities and Differences in an Italian Prospective Real-Life Preliminary Study |
| title_short | Immunological Pathways in Sarcoidosis and Autoimmune Rheumatic Disorders—Similarities and Differences in an Italian Prospective Real-Life Preliminary Study |
| title_sort | immunological pathways in sarcoidosis and autoimmune rheumatic disorders similarities and differences in an italian prospective real life preliminary study |
| topic | sarcoidosis autoimmune rheumatic disorders adaptive immune system |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/6/1532 |
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