Spatial variation in groundwater depletion across China under multiple stresses
Groundwater, an essential component of the hydrological cycle, has been subject to intense pressure worldwide over recent decades, such that reserves have changed appreciably, challenging our ability to deliver on water resource protection goals. While the changes in storage can be quantified, there...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1067766/full |
| _version_ | 1811177935014461440 |
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| author | Xuemin Lin Xuemin Lin Weifeng Li Xueding Bai Lijian Han Dongping Ming |
| author_facet | Xuemin Lin Xuemin Lin Weifeng Li Xueding Bai Lijian Han Dongping Ming |
| author_sort | Xuemin Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Groundwater, an essential component of the hydrological cycle, has been subject to intense pressure worldwide over recent decades, such that reserves have changed appreciably, challenging our ability to deliver on water resource protection goals. While the changes in storage can be quantified, there is little information about what drives the changes in groundwater storage (GWS) and how the impacts of those drivers vary spatially and temporally. In this study, the spatial and temporal variations in GWS across China from 2002 to 2016 are studied, and how GWS was influenced by natural and anthropogenic drivers at multiple scales is examined using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data. The national-scale GWS declined continuously at a rate of −0.27 cm/a over the study period. Interesingly, the difference in the GWS change between the south (increasing) and the north (decreasing) was decreasing, while the gap between the east (increasing) and the west (decreasing) was becoming wider. The main drivers of GWS changes at the national and regional scales were precipitation, agricultural water consumption, and the total population, while industrial water consumption, domestic water consumption, and evapotranspiration were important at the regional and provincial scales. Policies recently implemented to protect GWS have been effective. Given the potential for GWS changes to have impacts at multiple scales, policies and goals should address the drivers of GWS changes at different scales. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:09:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6150f2d2e24b48ff829a3283066752b2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:09:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-6150f2d2e24b48ff829a3283066752b22022-12-22T04:41:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2022-12-011010.3389/fenvs.2022.10677661067766Spatial variation in groundwater depletion across China under multiple stressesXuemin Lin0Xuemin Lin1Weifeng Li2Xueding Bai3Lijian Han4Dongping Ming5State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences (CAS), Beijing, ChinaSchool of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences (CAS), Beijing, ChinaSchool of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences (CAS), Beijing, ChinaSchool of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, ChinaGroundwater, an essential component of the hydrological cycle, has been subject to intense pressure worldwide over recent decades, such that reserves have changed appreciably, challenging our ability to deliver on water resource protection goals. While the changes in storage can be quantified, there is little information about what drives the changes in groundwater storage (GWS) and how the impacts of those drivers vary spatially and temporally. In this study, the spatial and temporal variations in GWS across China from 2002 to 2016 are studied, and how GWS was influenced by natural and anthropogenic drivers at multiple scales is examined using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data. The national-scale GWS declined continuously at a rate of −0.27 cm/a over the study period. Interesingly, the difference in the GWS change between the south (increasing) and the north (decreasing) was decreasing, while the gap between the east (increasing) and the west (decreasing) was becoming wider. The main drivers of GWS changes at the national and regional scales were precipitation, agricultural water consumption, and the total population, while industrial water consumption, domestic water consumption, and evapotranspiration were important at the regional and provincial scales. Policies recently implemented to protect GWS have been effective. Given the potential for GWS changes to have impacts at multiple scales, policies and goals should address the drivers of GWS changes at different scales.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1067766/fullgroundwater depletiongracemulti-scalesdriving factorspolicy effect |
| spellingShingle | Xuemin Lin Xuemin Lin Weifeng Li Xueding Bai Lijian Han Dongping Ming Spatial variation in groundwater depletion across China under multiple stresses Frontiers in Environmental Science groundwater depletion grace multi-scales driving factors policy effect |
| title | Spatial variation in groundwater depletion across China under multiple stresses |
| title_full | Spatial variation in groundwater depletion across China under multiple stresses |
| title_fullStr | Spatial variation in groundwater depletion across China under multiple stresses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial variation in groundwater depletion across China under multiple stresses |
| title_short | Spatial variation in groundwater depletion across China under multiple stresses |
| title_sort | spatial variation in groundwater depletion across china under multiple stresses |
| topic | groundwater depletion grace multi-scales driving factors policy effect |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1067766/full |
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