A Simulation Study of Triband Low SAR Wearable Antenna
The proposed paper presents a flexible antenna that is capable of operating in several frequency bands, namely 2.45 GHz, 5.8 GHz, and 8 GHz. The first two frequency bands are frequently utilized in industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) as well as wireless local area network (WLAN) applications,...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/4/819 |
| _version_ | 1827744354129674240 |
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| author | Wazie M. Abdulkawi Asad Masood N. Nizam-Uddin Mohammad Alnakhli |
| author_facet | Wazie M. Abdulkawi Asad Masood N. Nizam-Uddin Mohammad Alnakhli |
| author_sort | Wazie M. Abdulkawi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The proposed paper presents a flexible antenna that is capable of operating in several frequency bands, namely 2.45 GHz, 5.8 GHz, and 8 GHz. The first two frequency bands are frequently utilized in industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) as well as wireless local area network (WLAN) applications, whereas the third frequency band is associated with X-band applications. The antenna, with dimensions of 52 mm × 40 mm (0.79 λ × 0.61 λ), was designed using a 1.8 mm thick flexible kapton polyimide substrate with a permittivity of 3.5. Using CST Studio Suite, full-wave electromagnetic simulations were conducted, and the proposed design achieved a reflection coefficient below −10 dB for the intended frequency bands. Additionally, the proposed antenna achieves an efficiency value of up to 83% and appropriate values of gain in the desired frequency bands. In order to quantify the specific absorption rate (SAR), simulations were conducted by mounting the proposed antenna on a three-layered phantom. The SAR<sub>1g</sub> values recorded for the frequency bands of 2.45 GHz, 5.8 GHz, and 8 GHz were 0.34, 1.45, and 1.57 W/Kg respectively. These SAR values were observed to be significantly lower than the 1.6 W/Kg threshold set by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC). Moreover, the performance of the antenna was evaluated by simulating various deformation tests. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:43:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6169f4d6741b4e8ab0afe796f6d8a593 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:43:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-6169f4d6741b4e8ab0afe796f6d8a5932023-11-17T20:29:49ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2023-04-0114481910.3390/mi14040819A Simulation Study of Triband Low SAR Wearable AntennaWazie M. Abdulkawi0Asad Masood1N. Nizam-Uddin2Mohammad Alnakhli3Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Addawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addawasir 11991, Saudi ArabiaElectrical Engineering Department, HITEC University, Taxila 47080, Punjab, PakistanElectrical Engineering Department, HITEC University, Taxila 47080, Punjab, PakistanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Addawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addawasir 11991, Saudi ArabiaThe proposed paper presents a flexible antenna that is capable of operating in several frequency bands, namely 2.45 GHz, 5.8 GHz, and 8 GHz. The first two frequency bands are frequently utilized in industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) as well as wireless local area network (WLAN) applications, whereas the third frequency band is associated with X-band applications. The antenna, with dimensions of 52 mm × 40 mm (0.79 λ × 0.61 λ), was designed using a 1.8 mm thick flexible kapton polyimide substrate with a permittivity of 3.5. Using CST Studio Suite, full-wave electromagnetic simulations were conducted, and the proposed design achieved a reflection coefficient below −10 dB for the intended frequency bands. Additionally, the proposed antenna achieves an efficiency value of up to 83% and appropriate values of gain in the desired frequency bands. In order to quantify the specific absorption rate (SAR), simulations were conducted by mounting the proposed antenna on a three-layered phantom. The SAR<sub>1g</sub> values recorded for the frequency bands of 2.45 GHz, 5.8 GHz, and 8 GHz were 0.34, 1.45, and 1.57 W/Kg respectively. These SAR values were observed to be significantly lower than the 1.6 W/Kg threshold set by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC). Moreover, the performance of the antenna was evaluated by simulating various deformation tests.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/4/819industrialscientificand medical (ISM) bandX-bandmicrostrip antennawireless communication |
| spellingShingle | Wazie M. Abdulkawi Asad Masood N. Nizam-Uddin Mohammad Alnakhli A Simulation Study of Triband Low SAR Wearable Antenna Micromachines industrial scientific and medical (ISM) band X-band microstrip antenna wireless communication |
| title | A Simulation Study of Triband Low SAR Wearable Antenna |
| title_full | A Simulation Study of Triband Low SAR Wearable Antenna |
| title_fullStr | A Simulation Study of Triband Low SAR Wearable Antenna |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Simulation Study of Triband Low SAR Wearable Antenna |
| title_short | A Simulation Study of Triband Low SAR Wearable Antenna |
| title_sort | simulation study of triband low sar wearable antenna |
| topic | industrial scientific and medical (ISM) band X-band microstrip antenna wireless communication |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/4/819 |
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