Policosanol Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation via Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase-Mediated Expression of Insulin-Induced Genes 1 and 2
Policosanol is known as a hypocholesterolemic compound and is derived from plants such as sugar cane and corn. Policosanol can lower blood pressure or inhibit adipogenesis, but its effect on osteogenic differentiation and the molecular mechanism is unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/14/1863 |
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| author | Kyeong-Min Kim Young-Ju Lim Won-Gu Jang |
| author_facet | Kyeong-Min Kim Young-Ju Lim Won-Gu Jang |
| author_sort | Kyeong-Min Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Policosanol is known as a hypocholesterolemic compound and is derived from plants such as sugar cane and corn. Policosanol can lower blood pressure or inhibit adipogenesis, but its effect on osteogenic differentiation and the molecular mechanism is unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of policosanol on osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells and zebrafish models. Administration of policosanol into MC3T3-E1 induced the expression of the osteogenic genes such as distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular mineralization also increased. Policosanol promoted activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin-induced genes (INSIGs) expression and regulation of INSIGs modulated osteoblast differentiation. AMPK activation through transfection of the constitutively active form of AMPK (CA-AMPK) increased INSIGs expression, whereas policosanol-induced INSIGs expression was suppressed by inhibitor of AMPK (Com. C). Furthermore, the osteogenic effects of policosanol were verified in zebrafish. Amputated caudal fin rays were regenerated by policosanol treatment. Taken together, these results show that policosanol increases osteogenic differentiation and contributes to fin regeneration in zebrafish via AMPK-mediated INSIGs expression, suggesting that policosanol has potential as an osteogenic agent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:12:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-616c67d17cef429987c77418bf5f4439 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:12:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-616c67d17cef429987c77418bf5f44392023-11-18T18:46:15ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092023-07-011214186310.3390/cells12141863Policosanol Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation via Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase-Mediated Expression of Insulin-Induced Genes 1 and 2Kyeong-Min Kim0Young-Ju Lim1Won-Gu Jang2Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of KoreaPolicosanol is known as a hypocholesterolemic compound and is derived from plants such as sugar cane and corn. Policosanol can lower blood pressure or inhibit adipogenesis, but its effect on osteogenic differentiation and the molecular mechanism is unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of policosanol on osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells and zebrafish models. Administration of policosanol into MC3T3-E1 induced the expression of the osteogenic genes such as distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular mineralization also increased. Policosanol promoted activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin-induced genes (INSIGs) expression and regulation of INSIGs modulated osteoblast differentiation. AMPK activation through transfection of the constitutively active form of AMPK (CA-AMPK) increased INSIGs expression, whereas policosanol-induced INSIGs expression was suppressed by inhibitor of AMPK (Com. C). Furthermore, the osteogenic effects of policosanol were verified in zebrafish. Amputated caudal fin rays were regenerated by policosanol treatment. Taken together, these results show that policosanol increases osteogenic differentiation and contributes to fin regeneration in zebrafish via AMPK-mediated INSIGs expression, suggesting that policosanol has potential as an osteogenic agent.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/14/1863policosanolosteoblast differentiationAMPKINSIGzebrafish |
| spellingShingle | Kyeong-Min Kim Young-Ju Lim Won-Gu Jang Policosanol Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation via Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase-Mediated Expression of Insulin-Induced Genes 1 and 2 Cells policosanol osteoblast differentiation AMPK INSIG zebrafish |
| title | Policosanol Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation via Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase-Mediated Expression of Insulin-Induced Genes 1 and 2 |
| title_full | Policosanol Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation via Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase-Mediated Expression of Insulin-Induced Genes 1 and 2 |
| title_fullStr | Policosanol Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation via Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase-Mediated Expression of Insulin-Induced Genes 1 and 2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Policosanol Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation via Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase-Mediated Expression of Insulin-Induced Genes 1 and 2 |
| title_short | Policosanol Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation via Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase-Mediated Expression of Insulin-Induced Genes 1 and 2 |
| title_sort | policosanol stimulates osteoblast differentiation via adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase mediated expression of insulin induced genes 1 and 2 |
| topic | policosanol osteoblast differentiation AMPK INSIG zebrafish |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/14/1863 |
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