A 110 GHz Feedback Amplifier Design Based on Quasi-Linear Analysis
The power gain and output power of millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) and terahertz (THz) amplifiers are critical performance metrics, particularly when the operating frequencies of amplifiers are near to the maximum oscillator frequency (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/17/3725 |
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| author | Ruibing Dong Yiheng Song Yang Xing |
| author_facet | Ruibing Dong Yiheng Song Yang Xing |
| author_sort | Ruibing Dong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The power gain and output power of millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) and terahertz (THz) amplifiers are critical performance metrics, particularly when the operating frequencies of amplifiers are near to the maximum oscillator frequency (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>f</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) of the transistor. This paper presents the design of a 110 GHz amplifier based on the quasi-linear method. The power gain can be boosted to maximum achievable gain (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>G</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) using a linear, lossless, reciprocal feedback network, though this leads to a simultaneous decrease in output power. Based on quasi-linear analysis, for an amplifier with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>G</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> gain, when the K-factor is equal to 1, the output power is zero. To avoid the very low output power of amplifiers, a new approach is proposed to balance power gain and output power. A 110 GHz six-stage feedback amplifier was designed using the proposed approach and fabricated using 40 nm CMOS technology. The measured power gain is 26.5 dB, and the saturation output power is 13 dBm at 110 GHz. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:24:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-616e500166e24687b801a2597e1f86ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:24:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-616e500166e24687b801a2597e1f86ab2023-11-19T08:03:09ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922023-09-011217372510.3390/electronics12173725A 110 GHz Feedback Amplifier Design Based on Quasi-Linear AnalysisRuibing Dong0Yiheng Song1Yang Xing2GBA Branch of Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510700, ChinaGBA Branch of Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510700, ChinaGBA Branch of Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510700, ChinaThe power gain and output power of millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) and terahertz (THz) amplifiers are critical performance metrics, particularly when the operating frequencies of amplifiers are near to the maximum oscillator frequency (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>f</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) of the transistor. This paper presents the design of a 110 GHz amplifier based on the quasi-linear method. The power gain can be boosted to maximum achievable gain (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>G</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) using a linear, lossless, reciprocal feedback network, though this leads to a simultaneous decrease in output power. Based on quasi-linear analysis, for an amplifier with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>G</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> gain, when the K-factor is equal to 1, the output power is zero. To avoid the very low output power of amplifiers, a new approach is proposed to balance power gain and output power. A 110 GHz six-stage feedback amplifier was designed using the proposed approach and fabricated using 40 nm CMOS technology. The measured power gain is 26.5 dB, and the saturation output power is 13 dBm at 110 GHz.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/17/3725feedback amplifiersmaximum achievable gainmillimeter-wave integrated circuitsterahertz |
| spellingShingle | Ruibing Dong Yiheng Song Yang Xing A 110 GHz Feedback Amplifier Design Based on Quasi-Linear Analysis Electronics feedback amplifiers maximum achievable gain millimeter-wave integrated circuits terahertz |
| title | A 110 GHz Feedback Amplifier Design Based on Quasi-Linear Analysis |
| title_full | A 110 GHz Feedback Amplifier Design Based on Quasi-Linear Analysis |
| title_fullStr | A 110 GHz Feedback Amplifier Design Based on Quasi-Linear Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | A 110 GHz Feedback Amplifier Design Based on Quasi-Linear Analysis |
| title_short | A 110 GHz Feedback Amplifier Design Based on Quasi-Linear Analysis |
| title_sort | 110 ghz feedback amplifier design based on quasi linear analysis |
| topic | feedback amplifiers maximum achievable gain millimeter-wave integrated circuits terahertz |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/17/3725 |
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