Pathogenicity of Three <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle. Isolates in <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Seedlings
The pine wood nematode (PWN), <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle., is one of the most dangerous invasive species in the world, causing devastating pine wilt disease (PWD) in pine trees from many countries. The PWN is now established in 18 provinces in China f...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/8/1197 |
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| author | Ye-Fan Cao Lai-Fa Wang Xi-Zhuo Wang Xiang Wang Ming Xu |
| author_facet | Ye-Fan Cao Lai-Fa Wang Xi-Zhuo Wang Xiang Wang Ming Xu |
| author_sort | Ye-Fan Cao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The pine wood nematode (PWN), <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle., is one of the most dangerous invasive species in the world, causing devastating pine wilt disease (PWD) in pine trees from many countries. The PWN is now established in 18 provinces in China from the south to north, and it has expanded to some areas of Liaoning Province with temperatures that are beyond the ideal range. It has been reported that <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> Siebold & Zucc., one of the representative pine trees of Liaoning Province, has been infected by PWNs. To investigate the pathogenicity of the PWN in <i>P. koraiensis</i>, the reproductive ability of PWNs on fungal culture was compared among three isolates: QH-1, NM-1, and CM-1 (QH-1 from Liaoning Province, NM-1 from Nanjing Province, and CM-1 from Chongqing Municipality). Four-year-old <i>P. koraiensis</i> seedlings were inoculated with QH-1, NM-1, and CM-1 at a rate of 2000 per seedling. Pathogenicity, external symptoms, and nematode migration were all monitored on a daily basis over the next few days. The results from the experiment showed that all three PWN isolates caused wilt in <i>P. koraiensis</i> seedlings, with QH-1 being more virulent than NM-1 and CM-1. In addition, QH-1 exhibited greater reproductive and migration abilities in the seedlings than NM-1 and CM-1. These results indicate that the virulence of the <i>B. xylophilus</i> isolates QH-1, NM-1, and CM-1 can differ in terms of seedling mortality, migration ability, and reproductive ability (in trees). |
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| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:25:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
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| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-616ec11772464545a15030941fe37abe2023-11-30T21:24:33ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072022-07-01138119710.3390/f13081197Pathogenicity of Three <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle. Isolates in <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) SeedlingsYe-Fan Cao0Lai-Fa Wang1Xi-Zhuo Wang2Xiang Wang3Ming Xu4Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, ChinaJiangsu Academy of Forestry, No. 109 Danyang Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211153, ChinaThe pine wood nematode (PWN), <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle., is one of the most dangerous invasive species in the world, causing devastating pine wilt disease (PWD) in pine trees from many countries. The PWN is now established in 18 provinces in China from the south to north, and it has expanded to some areas of Liaoning Province with temperatures that are beyond the ideal range. It has been reported that <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> Siebold & Zucc., one of the representative pine trees of Liaoning Province, has been infected by PWNs. To investigate the pathogenicity of the PWN in <i>P. koraiensis</i>, the reproductive ability of PWNs on fungal culture was compared among three isolates: QH-1, NM-1, and CM-1 (QH-1 from Liaoning Province, NM-1 from Nanjing Province, and CM-1 from Chongqing Municipality). Four-year-old <i>P. koraiensis</i> seedlings were inoculated with QH-1, NM-1, and CM-1 at a rate of 2000 per seedling. Pathogenicity, external symptoms, and nematode migration were all monitored on a daily basis over the next few days. The results from the experiment showed that all three PWN isolates caused wilt in <i>P. koraiensis</i> seedlings, with QH-1 being more virulent than NM-1 and CM-1. In addition, QH-1 exhibited greater reproductive and migration abilities in the seedlings than NM-1 and CM-1. These results indicate that the virulence of the <i>B. xylophilus</i> isolates QH-1, NM-1, and CM-1 can differ in terms of seedling mortality, migration ability, and reproductive ability (in trees).https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/8/1197<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i><i>Pinus koraiensis</i>pathogenicitymortality |
| spellingShingle | Ye-Fan Cao Lai-Fa Wang Xi-Zhuo Wang Xiang Wang Ming Xu Pathogenicity of Three <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle. Isolates in <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Seedlings Forests <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> pathogenicity mortality |
| title | Pathogenicity of Three <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle. Isolates in <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Seedlings |
| title_full | Pathogenicity of Three <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle. Isolates in <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Seedlings |
| title_fullStr | Pathogenicity of Three <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle. Isolates in <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Seedlings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathogenicity of Three <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle. Isolates in <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Seedlings |
| title_short | Pathogenicity of Three <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle. Isolates in <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> (Siebold & Zucc.) Seedlings |
| title_sort | pathogenicity of three i bursaphelenchus xylophilus i steiner buhrer nickle isolates in i pinus koraiensis i siebold zucc seedlings |
| topic | <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> pathogenicity mortality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/8/1197 |
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