Southern Ocean Food Web Modelling: Progress, Prognoses, and Future Priorities for Research and Policy Makers
Globally important services are supported by Southern Ocean ecosystems, underpinned by the structure, function, and dynamics of complex interconnected and regionally distinctive food webs. These food webs vary in response to a combination of physical and chemical processes that alter productivity, s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.624763/full |
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| author | Stacey A. McCormack Jessica Melbourne-Thomas Jessica Melbourne-Thomas Rowan Trebilco Rowan Trebilco Gary Griffith Gary Griffith Simeon L. Hill Carie Hoover Nadine M. Johnston Tomás I. Marina Eugene J. Murphy Evgeny A. Pakhomov Evgeny A. Pakhomov Matt Pinkerton Éva Plagányi Éva Plagányi Leonardo A. Saravia Roshni C. Subramaniam Roshni C. Subramaniam Anton P. Van de Putte Anton P. Van de Putte Anton P. Van de Putte Andrew J. Constable Andrew J. Constable Andrew J. Constable |
| author_facet | Stacey A. McCormack Jessica Melbourne-Thomas Jessica Melbourne-Thomas Rowan Trebilco Rowan Trebilco Gary Griffith Gary Griffith Simeon L. Hill Carie Hoover Nadine M. Johnston Tomás I. Marina Eugene J. Murphy Evgeny A. Pakhomov Evgeny A. Pakhomov Matt Pinkerton Éva Plagányi Éva Plagányi Leonardo A. Saravia Roshni C. Subramaniam Roshni C. Subramaniam Anton P. Van de Putte Anton P. Van de Putte Anton P. Van de Putte Andrew J. Constable Andrew J. Constable Andrew J. Constable |
| author_sort | Stacey A. McCormack |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Globally important services are supported by Southern Ocean ecosystems, underpinned by the structure, function, and dynamics of complex interconnected and regionally distinctive food webs. These food webs vary in response to a combination of physical and chemical processes that alter productivity, species composition and the relative abundance and dynamics of organisms. Combined with regional and seasonal variability, climate-induced changes and human activities have and are expected to continue to drive important structural and functional changes to Southern Ocean food webs. However, our current understanding of food web structure, function, status, and trends is patchy in space and time, and methods for systematically assessing and comparing community-level responses to change within and across regional and temporal scales are not well developed. Insights gained from food web modelling studies—ranging from theoretical analyses of ecosystem resilience and adaptation, to qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the system—can assist in resolving patterns of energy flow and the ecological mechanisms that drive food web structure, function, and responses to drivers (such as fishing and climate change). This understanding is required to inform robust management strategies to conserve Southern Ocean food webs and the ecosystem services they underpin in the face of change. This paper synthesises the current state of knowledge regarding Southern Ocean pelagic food webs, highlighting the distinct regional food web characteristics, including key drivers of energy flow, dominant species, and network properties that may indicate system resilience. In particular, the insights, gaps, and potential integration of existing knowledge and Southern Ocean food web models are evaluated as a basis for developing integrated food web assessments that can be used to test the efficacy of alternative management and policy options. We discuss key limitations of existing models for assessing change resulting from various drivers, summarise priorities for model development and identify that significant progress could be made to support policy by advancing the development of food web models coupled to projected biogeochemical models, such as in Earth System models. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T05:22:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-61733bb733404eb9b655477d027a6d25 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-701X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T05:22:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-61733bb733404eb9b655477d027a6d252022-12-21T18:37:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution2296-701X2021-10-01910.3389/fevo.2021.624763624763Southern Ocean Food Web Modelling: Progress, Prognoses, and Future Priorities for Research and Policy MakersStacey A. McCormack0Jessica Melbourne-Thomas1Jessica Melbourne-Thomas2Rowan Trebilco3Rowan Trebilco4Gary Griffith5Gary Griffith6Simeon L. Hill7Carie Hoover8Nadine M. Johnston9Tomás I. Marina10Eugene J. Murphy11Evgeny A. Pakhomov12Evgeny A. Pakhomov13Matt Pinkerton14Éva Plagányi15Éva Plagányi16Leonardo A. Saravia17Roshni C. Subramaniam18Roshni C. Subramaniam19Anton P. Van de Putte20Anton P. Van de Putte21Anton P. Van de Putte22Andrew J. Constable23Andrew J. Constable24Andrew J. Constable25Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, AustraliaCSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, AustraliaCentre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, AustraliaCSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, AustraliaCentre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, AustraliaNorwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, NorwayThe Levin Lab, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United StatesBritish Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United KingdomMarine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, CanadaBritish Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United KingdomCentro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, ArgentinaBritish Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United KingdomEarth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Department, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada0Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, BC, Canada1National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New ZealandCSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, AustraliaCentre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia2Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstitute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia3Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia4Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, OD-Nature, Brussels, Belgium5Marine Biology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium6Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumCentre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia7Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems, Cooperative Research Centre, Hobart, TAS, Australia8Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Agriculture, Water and Environment, Kingston, TAS, AustraliaGlobally important services are supported by Southern Ocean ecosystems, underpinned by the structure, function, and dynamics of complex interconnected and regionally distinctive food webs. These food webs vary in response to a combination of physical and chemical processes that alter productivity, species composition and the relative abundance and dynamics of organisms. Combined with regional and seasonal variability, climate-induced changes and human activities have and are expected to continue to drive important structural and functional changes to Southern Ocean food webs. However, our current understanding of food web structure, function, status, and trends is patchy in space and time, and methods for systematically assessing and comparing community-level responses to change within and across regional and temporal scales are not well developed. Insights gained from food web modelling studies—ranging from theoretical analyses of ecosystem resilience and adaptation, to qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the system—can assist in resolving patterns of energy flow and the ecological mechanisms that drive food web structure, function, and responses to drivers (such as fishing and climate change). This understanding is required to inform robust management strategies to conserve Southern Ocean food webs and the ecosystem services they underpin in the face of change. This paper synthesises the current state of knowledge regarding Southern Ocean pelagic food webs, highlighting the distinct regional food web characteristics, including key drivers of energy flow, dominant species, and network properties that may indicate system resilience. In particular, the insights, gaps, and potential integration of existing knowledge and Southern Ocean food web models are evaluated as a basis for developing integrated food web assessments that can be used to test the efficacy of alternative management and policy options. We discuss key limitations of existing models for assessing change resulting from various drivers, summarise priorities for model development and identify that significant progress could be made to support policy by advancing the development of food web models coupled to projected biogeochemical models, such as in Earth System models.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.624763/fullecosystem modelsfood web assessmentmarine policyAntarcticecosystem-based management |
| spellingShingle | Stacey A. McCormack Jessica Melbourne-Thomas Jessica Melbourne-Thomas Rowan Trebilco Rowan Trebilco Gary Griffith Gary Griffith Simeon L. Hill Carie Hoover Nadine M. Johnston Tomás I. Marina Eugene J. Murphy Evgeny A. Pakhomov Evgeny A. Pakhomov Matt Pinkerton Éva Plagányi Éva Plagányi Leonardo A. Saravia Roshni C. Subramaniam Roshni C. Subramaniam Anton P. Van de Putte Anton P. Van de Putte Anton P. Van de Putte Andrew J. Constable Andrew J. Constable Andrew J. Constable Southern Ocean Food Web Modelling: Progress, Prognoses, and Future Priorities for Research and Policy Makers Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ecosystem models food web assessment marine policy Antarctic ecosystem-based management |
| title | Southern Ocean Food Web Modelling: Progress, Prognoses, and Future Priorities for Research and Policy Makers |
| title_full | Southern Ocean Food Web Modelling: Progress, Prognoses, and Future Priorities for Research and Policy Makers |
| title_fullStr | Southern Ocean Food Web Modelling: Progress, Prognoses, and Future Priorities for Research and Policy Makers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Southern Ocean Food Web Modelling: Progress, Prognoses, and Future Priorities for Research and Policy Makers |
| title_short | Southern Ocean Food Web Modelling: Progress, Prognoses, and Future Priorities for Research and Policy Makers |
| title_sort | southern ocean food web modelling progress prognoses and future priorities for research and policy makers |
| topic | ecosystem models food web assessment marine policy Antarctic ecosystem-based management |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.624763/full |
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