Specific features of the establishment of parks-monuments of landscape art in the second half of the 20th century in Ukrainian Polissya
The study analyses the establishment of parks-monuments of landscape art (PMLA) in the historical aspect. In the second half of the 20th century, 11 parks-monuments of landscape art were created in the Ukrainian Polissya: two of national and nine of local significance. The purpose of PMLA – protecti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science |
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| Online Access: | https://forestscience.com.ua/journals/tom-12-4-2021/osoblivosti-formuvannya-parkiv-pam-yatok-sadovo-parkovogo-mistyetstva-drugoyi-polovini-khkh-stolittya-ukrayinskogo-polissya |
| Summary: | The study analyses the establishment of parks-monuments of landscape art (PMLA) in the historical aspect. In the second half of the 20th century, 11 parks-monuments of landscape art were created in the Ukrainian Polissya: two of national and nine of local significance. The purpose of PMLA – protection and preservation of the most outstanding and valuable samples of park construction for their subsequent use for aesthetic, educational, scientific, environmental, and recreational purposes. The motivation for the creation of PMLAs was the preservation, reproduction, and enrichment of arboreal diversity in the conditions of the Ukrainian Polissya. Technical, fast-growing, rare, and valuable species of woody plants for forestry and gardening were planted in parks, followed by their use for scientific and economic purposes. Some of the plantings in the parks were memorable, anniversary, or dedicated to significant events (the anniversary of the October Revolution and the birthday of V.I. Lenin). The Ukrainian Polissya contains three parks created on the basis of existing oak stands (“Klevanskyi”, “Antonivka”, “Bondaretskyi”), one – on the basis of artificial plantings of Acer platanoides L., Carpinus betulus L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Tilia cordata Mill. (“Ovrutskyi”). Three parks of culture and recreation (“Horodnyanskyi”, “Vysokovskyi”, Slovyanskyi, in particular, the meadow park Slovyansky), children’s park (“Bondaretskyi”), four arboretums (“Dubechnenskyi”, “Bayrak”, “Novostavskyi arboretum”, “Zhornivskyi”) were transformed over time or were granted the status of PMLA. According to the location in the planning structure of settlements, there are city, village, and district parks. In terms of size, PMLAs can be small, medium, large, star-shaped, axial, fan-shaped, looped, cross-shaped, and combined planning structures. In four PMLAs there are artificial and natural reservoirs, fountains. Five parks are combined (memorial park and park of culture and recreation), where memorial complexes, monuments, and obelisks are concentrated. Park plantings are represented by groups, solitaires, alleys, ordinary plantings, hedges, and sometimes groves and wooded areas. 176 species of woody plants grow on the territory of 11 PMLAs, of which 119 are listed in the IUCN Red List. Since the beginning of its creation, the number of species has increased by 75-129% in four parks, and the dendro-diversity has decreased in six parks, with 29-87% of woody plant species remaining, including 66-94% of arboretums. 11 PMLAs are valuable centres of dendro-diversity and unique plantings of Ukrainian Polissya, an example of the establishment of didactic, ethnographic, memorial, children’s, cultural, and recreational combined parks that require further protection and expansion of the area and collection. Some parks require landscaping |
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| ISSN: | 2664-4452 2664-4460 |