Fetal XCMR: a numerical phantom for fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
Abstract Background Validating new techniques for fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is challenging due to random fetal movement that precludes repeat measurements. Consequently, fetal CMR development has been largely performed using physical phantoms or postnatal volunteers. In this work...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12968-019-0539-2 |
| _version_ | 1797203638720921600 |
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| author | Christopher W. Roy Davide Marini William Paul Segars Mike Seed Christopher K. Macgowan |
| author_facet | Christopher W. Roy Davide Marini William Paul Segars Mike Seed Christopher K. Macgowan |
| author_sort | Christopher W. Roy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Validating new techniques for fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is challenging due to random fetal movement that precludes repeat measurements. Consequently, fetal CMR development has been largely performed using physical phantoms or postnatal volunteers. In this work, we present an open-source simulation designed to aid in the development and validation of new approaches for fetal CMR. Our approach, fetal extended Cardiac-Torso cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (Fetal XCMR), builds on established methods for simulating CMR acquisitions but is tailored toward the dynamic physiology of the fetal heart and body. We present comparisons between the Fetal XCMR phantom and data acquired in utero, resulting in image quality, anatomy, tissue signals and contrast. Methods Existing extended Cardiac-Torso models are modified to create maternal and fetal anatomy, combined according to simulated motion, mapped to CMR contrast, and converted to CMR data. To provide a comparison between the proposed simulation and experimental fetal CMR images acquired in utero, images from a typical scan of a pregnant woman are included and simulated acquisitions were generated using matching CMR parameters, motion and noise levels. Three reconstruction (static, real-time, and CINE), and two motion estimation methods (translational motion, fetal heart rate) from data acquired in transverse, sagittal, coronal, and short-axis planes of the fetal heart were performed to compare to in utero acquisitions and demonstrate feasibility of the proposed simulation framework. Results Overall, CMR contrast, morphologies, and relative proportions of the maternal and fetal anatomy are well represented by the Fetal XCMR images when comparing the simulation to static images acquired in utero. Additionally, visualization of maternal respiratory and fetal cardiac motion is comparable between Fetal XCMR and in utero real-time images. Finally, high quality CINE image reconstructions provide excellent delineation of fetal cardiac anatomy and temporal dynamics for both data types. Conclusion The fetal CMR phantom provides a new method for evaluating fetal CMR acquisition and reconstruction methods by simulating the underlying anatomy and physiology. As the field of fetal CMR continues to grow, new methods will become available and require careful validation. The fetal CMR phantom is therefore a powerful and convenient tool in the continued development of fetal cardiac imaging. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T08:22:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-61952cd65f5c4080a2603258214627ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1532-429X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T08:22:31Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance |
| spelling | doaj.art-61952cd65f5c4080a2603258214627ce2024-04-17T00:38:17ZengElsevierJournal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance1532-429X2019-05-0121111210.1186/s12968-019-0539-2Fetal XCMR: a numerical phantom for fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imagingChristopher W. Roy0Davide Marini1William Paul Segars2Mike Seed3Christopher K. Macgowan4Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenDepartment of Radiology, Duke University Medical CenterDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenDepartment of Medical Biophysics, University of TorontoAbstract Background Validating new techniques for fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is challenging due to random fetal movement that precludes repeat measurements. Consequently, fetal CMR development has been largely performed using physical phantoms or postnatal volunteers. In this work, we present an open-source simulation designed to aid in the development and validation of new approaches for fetal CMR. Our approach, fetal extended Cardiac-Torso cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (Fetal XCMR), builds on established methods for simulating CMR acquisitions but is tailored toward the dynamic physiology of the fetal heart and body. We present comparisons between the Fetal XCMR phantom and data acquired in utero, resulting in image quality, anatomy, tissue signals and contrast. Methods Existing extended Cardiac-Torso models are modified to create maternal and fetal anatomy, combined according to simulated motion, mapped to CMR contrast, and converted to CMR data. To provide a comparison between the proposed simulation and experimental fetal CMR images acquired in utero, images from a typical scan of a pregnant woman are included and simulated acquisitions were generated using matching CMR parameters, motion and noise levels. Three reconstruction (static, real-time, and CINE), and two motion estimation methods (translational motion, fetal heart rate) from data acquired in transverse, sagittal, coronal, and short-axis planes of the fetal heart were performed to compare to in utero acquisitions and demonstrate feasibility of the proposed simulation framework. Results Overall, CMR contrast, morphologies, and relative proportions of the maternal and fetal anatomy are well represented by the Fetal XCMR images when comparing the simulation to static images acquired in utero. Additionally, visualization of maternal respiratory and fetal cardiac motion is comparable between Fetal XCMR and in utero real-time images. Finally, high quality CINE image reconstructions provide excellent delineation of fetal cardiac anatomy and temporal dynamics for both data types. Conclusion The fetal CMR phantom provides a new method for evaluating fetal CMR acquisition and reconstruction methods by simulating the underlying anatomy and physiology. As the field of fetal CMR continues to grow, new methods will become available and require careful validation. The fetal CMR phantom is therefore a powerful and convenient tool in the continued development of fetal cardiac imaging.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12968-019-0539-2Fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imagingNumerical simulationPhysiological motionGolden angle radialMotion correctionPost-processing |
| spellingShingle | Christopher W. Roy Davide Marini William Paul Segars Mike Seed Christopher K. Macgowan Fetal XCMR: a numerical phantom for fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging Numerical simulation Physiological motion Golden angle radial Motion correction Post-processing |
| title | Fetal XCMR: a numerical phantom for fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging |
| title_full | Fetal XCMR: a numerical phantom for fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging |
| title_fullStr | Fetal XCMR: a numerical phantom for fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fetal XCMR: a numerical phantom for fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging |
| title_short | Fetal XCMR: a numerical phantom for fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging |
| title_sort | fetal xcmr a numerical phantom for fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging |
| topic | Fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging Numerical simulation Physiological motion Golden angle radial Motion correction Post-processing |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12968-019-0539-2 |
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