Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by <i>Acanthamoeba culbertsoni</i> Have COX and Proteolytic Activity and Induce Hemolysis
Several species of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> genus are potential pathogens and etiological agents of several diseases. The pathogenic mechanisms carried out by these amoebae in different target tissues have been documented, evidencing the relevant role of contact-dependent mechanisms. With the...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/11/2762 |
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| author | Francisco Sierra-López Ismael Castelan-Ramírez Dolores Hernández-Martínez Lizbeth Salazar-Villatoro David Segura-Cobos Catalina Flores-Maldonado Verónica Ivonne Hernández-Ramírez Tomás Ernesto Villamar-Duque Adolfo René Méndez-Cruz Patricia Talamás-Rohana Maritza Omaña-Molina |
| author_facet | Francisco Sierra-López Ismael Castelan-Ramírez Dolores Hernández-Martínez Lizbeth Salazar-Villatoro David Segura-Cobos Catalina Flores-Maldonado Verónica Ivonne Hernández-Ramírez Tomás Ernesto Villamar-Duque Adolfo René Méndez-Cruz Patricia Talamás-Rohana Maritza Omaña-Molina |
| author_sort | Francisco Sierra-López |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several species of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> genus are potential pathogens and etiological agents of several diseases. The pathogenic mechanisms carried out by these amoebae in different target tissues have been documented, evidencing the relevant role of contact-dependent mechanisms. With the purpose of describing the pathogenic processes carried out by these protozoans more precisely, we considered it important to determine the emission of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as part of the contact-independent pathogenicity mechanisms of <i>A. culbertsoni</i>, a highly pathogenic strain. Through transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), EVs were characterized. EVs showed lipid membrane and a size between 60 and 855 nm. The secretion of large vesicles was corroborated by confocal and TEM microscopy. The SDS-PAGE of EVs showed proteins of 45 to 200 kDa. Antigenic recognition was determined by Western Blot, and the internalization of EVs by trophozoites was observed through Dil-labeled EVs. In addition, some EVs biological characteristics were determined, such as proteolytic, hemolytic and COX activity. Furthermore, we highlighted the presence of leishmanolysin in trophozites and EVs. These results suggest that EVs are part of a contact-independent mechanism, which, together with contact-dependent ones, allow for a better understanding of the pathogenicity carried out by <i>Acanthamoeba culbertsoni</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:35:10Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:35:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-6199749b6935474bbb2aa2d3404eb7a02023-11-24T14:57:10ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-11-011111276210.3390/microorganisms11112762Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by <i>Acanthamoeba culbertsoni</i> Have COX and Proteolytic Activity and Induce HemolysisFrancisco Sierra-López0Ismael Castelan-Ramírez1Dolores Hernández-Martínez2Lizbeth Salazar-Villatoro3David Segura-Cobos4Catalina Flores-Maldonado5Verónica Ivonne Hernández-Ramírez6Tomás Ernesto Villamar-Duque7Adolfo René Méndez-Cruz8Patricia Talamás-Rohana9Maritza Omaña-Molina10Laboratory of Amphizoic Amoebae, Faculty of Superior Studies Iztacala, Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, MexicoLaboratory of Amphizoic Amoebae, Faculty of Superior Studies Iztacala, Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, MexicoLaboratory of Amphizoic Amoebae, Faculty of Superior Studies Iztacala, Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, MexicoDepartment of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Mexico City 07360, MexicoLaboratory of Amphizoic Amoebae, Faculty of Superior Studies Iztacala, Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, MexicoDepartment of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Mexico City 07360, MexicoDepartment of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Mexico City 07360, MexicoGeneral Biotery, Faculty of Superior Studies Iztacala, Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, MexicoLaboratory of Amphizoic Amoebae, Faculty of Superior Studies Iztacala, Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, MexicoDepartment of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Mexico City 07360, MexicoLaboratory of Amphizoic Amoebae, Faculty of Superior Studies Iztacala, Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, MexicoSeveral species of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> genus are potential pathogens and etiological agents of several diseases. The pathogenic mechanisms carried out by these amoebae in different target tissues have been documented, evidencing the relevant role of contact-dependent mechanisms. With the purpose of describing the pathogenic processes carried out by these protozoans more precisely, we considered it important to determine the emission of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as part of the contact-independent pathogenicity mechanisms of <i>A. culbertsoni</i>, a highly pathogenic strain. Through transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), EVs were characterized. EVs showed lipid membrane and a size between 60 and 855 nm. The secretion of large vesicles was corroborated by confocal and TEM microscopy. The SDS-PAGE of EVs showed proteins of 45 to 200 kDa. Antigenic recognition was determined by Western Blot, and the internalization of EVs by trophozoites was observed through Dil-labeled EVs. In addition, some EVs biological characteristics were determined, such as proteolytic, hemolytic and COX activity. Furthermore, we highlighted the presence of leishmanolysin in trophozites and EVs. These results suggest that EVs are part of a contact-independent mechanism, which, together with contact-dependent ones, allow for a better understanding of the pathogenicity carried out by <i>Acanthamoeba culbertsoni</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/11/2762<i>Acanthamoeba culbertsoni</i>extracellular vesiclespathogenicity mechanismsCOX |
| spellingShingle | Francisco Sierra-López Ismael Castelan-Ramírez Dolores Hernández-Martínez Lizbeth Salazar-Villatoro David Segura-Cobos Catalina Flores-Maldonado Verónica Ivonne Hernández-Ramírez Tomás Ernesto Villamar-Duque Adolfo René Méndez-Cruz Patricia Talamás-Rohana Maritza Omaña-Molina Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by <i>Acanthamoeba culbertsoni</i> Have COX and Proteolytic Activity and Induce Hemolysis Microorganisms <i>Acanthamoeba culbertsoni</i> extracellular vesicles pathogenicity mechanisms COX |
| title | Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by <i>Acanthamoeba culbertsoni</i> Have COX and Proteolytic Activity and Induce Hemolysis |
| title_full | Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by <i>Acanthamoeba culbertsoni</i> Have COX and Proteolytic Activity and Induce Hemolysis |
| title_fullStr | Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by <i>Acanthamoeba culbertsoni</i> Have COX and Proteolytic Activity and Induce Hemolysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by <i>Acanthamoeba culbertsoni</i> Have COX and Proteolytic Activity and Induce Hemolysis |
| title_short | Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by <i>Acanthamoeba culbertsoni</i> Have COX and Proteolytic Activity and Induce Hemolysis |
| title_sort | extracellular vesicles secreted by i acanthamoeba culbertsoni i have cox and proteolytic activity and induce hemolysis |
| topic | <i>Acanthamoeba culbertsoni</i> extracellular vesicles pathogenicity mechanisms COX |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/11/2762 |
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