Human immune deficiency virus conundrum: An everlasting challenge!
BACKGROUND: Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) causes a wide spectrum of diseases worldwide and has the capability to affect every organ system in the body. Ocular manifestations have been reported in up to 70% of individuals infected with HIV and the ocular manifestations reflect systemic disease...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | Oman Journal of Ophthalmology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.ojoonline.org/article.asp?issn=0974-620X;year=2022;volume=15;issue=1;spage=13;epage=19;aulast=Kochar |
| _version_ | 1811342364746186752 |
|---|---|
| author | Anju Kochar Shaheen Farooq |
| author_facet | Anju Kochar Shaheen Farooq |
| author_sort | Anju Kochar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BACKGROUND: Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) causes a wide spectrum of diseases worldwide and has the capability to affect every organ system in the body. Ocular manifestations have been reported in up to 70% of individuals infected with HIV and the ocular manifestations reflect systemic disease and maybe the first sign of disseminated infection.
PURPOSE: To study the pattern of ocular manifestations related to HIV in seropositive patients with the objective of identifying its spectrum in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era and to emphasize on the role of ophthalmologists in fighting the battle against HIV.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was undertaken on 300 HIV positive patients. Data were collected, tabulated and analyzed using MSTAT software. Chi-square test was applied and P < 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS: Ocular lesions were observed in 50.33% of patients. Conjunctival microvasculopathy being the most common finding seen in 27 (9%) patients, followed by retinal microvasculopathy and trichomegaly in 20 (6.66%) patients each. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and cytomegalovirus retinitis were observed in four (1.33%) and three (1%) patients respectively. In the study 78.33% patients were on ART.
CONCLUSION: HAART has reduced serious ocular opportunistic infections and ocular malignancies, but HAART mediated visually disabling immune recovery uveitis has emerged as a clinical challenge for ophthalmologists. Improved communication between the two broad specialties of HIV medicine and ophthalmology will definitely go a long way in the battle against this dreadful disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:10:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-61a0da009adf472f85d5e8fc3d17270b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0974-620X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:10:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Oman Journal of Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj.art-61a0da009adf472f85d5e8fc3d17270b2022-12-22T02:33:51ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsOman Journal of Ophthalmology0974-620X2022-01-01151131910.4103/ojo.ojo_125_21Human immune deficiency virus conundrum: An everlasting challenge!Anju KocharShaheen FarooqBACKGROUND: Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) causes a wide spectrum of diseases worldwide and has the capability to affect every organ system in the body. Ocular manifestations have been reported in up to 70% of individuals infected with HIV and the ocular manifestations reflect systemic disease and maybe the first sign of disseminated infection. PURPOSE: To study the pattern of ocular manifestations related to HIV in seropositive patients with the objective of identifying its spectrum in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era and to emphasize on the role of ophthalmologists in fighting the battle against HIV. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was undertaken on 300 HIV positive patients. Data were collected, tabulated and analyzed using MSTAT software. Chi-square test was applied and P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Ocular lesions were observed in 50.33% of patients. Conjunctival microvasculopathy being the most common finding seen in 27 (9%) patients, followed by retinal microvasculopathy and trichomegaly in 20 (6.66%) patients each. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and cytomegalovirus retinitis were observed in four (1.33%) and three (1%) patients respectively. In the study 78.33% patients were on ART. CONCLUSION: HAART has reduced serious ocular opportunistic infections and ocular malignancies, but HAART mediated visually disabling immune recovery uveitis has emerged as a clinical challenge for ophthalmologists. Improved communication between the two broad specialties of HIV medicine and ophthalmology will definitely go a long way in the battle against this dreadful disease.http://www.ojoonline.org/article.asp?issn=0974-620X;year=2022;volume=15;issue=1;spage=13;epage=19;aulast=Kocharhighly active antiretroviral therapyhuman immune deficiency virusocular manifestations |
| spellingShingle | Anju Kochar Shaheen Farooq Human immune deficiency virus conundrum: An everlasting challenge! Oman Journal of Ophthalmology highly active antiretroviral therapy human immune deficiency virus ocular manifestations |
| title | Human immune deficiency virus conundrum: An everlasting challenge! |
| title_full | Human immune deficiency virus conundrum: An everlasting challenge! |
| title_fullStr | Human immune deficiency virus conundrum: An everlasting challenge! |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human immune deficiency virus conundrum: An everlasting challenge! |
| title_short | Human immune deficiency virus conundrum: An everlasting challenge! |
| title_sort | human immune deficiency virus conundrum an everlasting challenge |
| topic | highly active antiretroviral therapy human immune deficiency virus ocular manifestations |
| url | http://www.ojoonline.org/article.asp?issn=0974-620X;year=2022;volume=15;issue=1;spage=13;epage=19;aulast=Kochar |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anjukochar humanimmunedeficiencyvirusconundrumaneverlastingchallenge AT shaheenfarooq humanimmunedeficiencyvirusconundrumaneverlastingchallenge |