Biomarkers of Intestinal Injury in Colic
Biomarkers are typically proteins, enzymes, or other molecular changes that are elevated or decreased in body fluids during the course of inflammation or disease. Biomarkers pose an extremely attractive tool for establishing diagnoses and prognoses of equine gastrointestinal colic, one of the most p...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/2/227 |
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| author | Elsa K. Ludwig Kallie J. Hobbs Caroline A. McKinney-Aguirre Liara M. Gonzalez |
| author_facet | Elsa K. Ludwig Kallie J. Hobbs Caroline A. McKinney-Aguirre Liara M. Gonzalez |
| author_sort | Elsa K. Ludwig |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biomarkers are typically proteins, enzymes, or other molecular changes that are elevated or decreased in body fluids during the course of inflammation or disease. Biomarkers pose an extremely attractive tool for establishing diagnoses and prognoses of equine gastrointestinal colic, one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality in horses. This topic has received increasing attention because early diagnosis of some forms of severe colic, such as intestinal ischemia, would create opportunities for rapid interventions that would likely improve case outcomes. This review explores biomarkers currently used in equine medicine for colic, including acute phase proteins, proinflammatory cytokines, markers of endotoxemia, and tissue injury metabolites. To date, no single biomarker has been identified that is perfectly sensitive and specific for intestinal ischemia; however, L-lactate has been proven to be a very functional and highly utilized diagnostic tool. However, further exploration of other biomarkers discussed in this review may provide the key to accelerated identification, intervention, and better outcomes for horses suffering from severe colic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:49:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-61a2642a057f4de7b20bb03f095c8bb4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:49:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-61a2642a057f4de7b20bb03f095c8bb42023-11-30T20:52:59ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-01-0113222710.3390/ani13020227Biomarkers of Intestinal Injury in ColicElsa K. Ludwig0Kallie J. Hobbs1Caroline A. McKinney-Aguirre2Liara M. Gonzalez3Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USADepartment of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USADepartment of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USADepartment of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USABiomarkers are typically proteins, enzymes, or other molecular changes that are elevated or decreased in body fluids during the course of inflammation or disease. Biomarkers pose an extremely attractive tool for establishing diagnoses and prognoses of equine gastrointestinal colic, one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality in horses. This topic has received increasing attention because early diagnosis of some forms of severe colic, such as intestinal ischemia, would create opportunities for rapid interventions that would likely improve case outcomes. This review explores biomarkers currently used in equine medicine for colic, including acute phase proteins, proinflammatory cytokines, markers of endotoxemia, and tissue injury metabolites. To date, no single biomarker has been identified that is perfectly sensitive and specific for intestinal ischemia; however, L-lactate has been proven to be a very functional and highly utilized diagnostic tool. However, further exploration of other biomarkers discussed in this review may provide the key to accelerated identification, intervention, and better outcomes for horses suffering from severe colic.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/2/227colicintestineischemiabiomarkeracute phase proteincytokine |
| spellingShingle | Elsa K. Ludwig Kallie J. Hobbs Caroline A. McKinney-Aguirre Liara M. Gonzalez Biomarkers of Intestinal Injury in Colic Animals colic intestine ischemia biomarker acute phase protein cytokine |
| title | Biomarkers of Intestinal Injury in Colic |
| title_full | Biomarkers of Intestinal Injury in Colic |
| title_fullStr | Biomarkers of Intestinal Injury in Colic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomarkers of Intestinal Injury in Colic |
| title_short | Biomarkers of Intestinal Injury in Colic |
| title_sort | biomarkers of intestinal injury in colic |
| topic | colic intestine ischemia biomarker acute phase protein cytokine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/2/227 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elsakludwig biomarkersofintestinalinjuryincolic AT kalliejhobbs biomarkersofintestinalinjuryincolic AT carolineamckinneyaguirre biomarkersofintestinalinjuryincolic AT liaramgonzalez biomarkersofintestinalinjuryincolic |