Battery-Less NFC Conductivity Sensor for Bovine Mastitis Detection in Farming 4.0
This work proposes a battery-less Near-Field Communication (NFC) milk conductivity sensor for the early-stage detection of bovine mastitis. A proof-of-concept prototype is designed, which is composed of a loop antenna, an NFC microchip, a microcontroller, a custom conductivity sensor and a temperatu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10478887/ |
| _version_ | 1797227293665394688 |
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| author | Antonio Lazaro Ramon Villarino Merce Pacios Marc Lazaro Nicolau Canellas David Girbau Beatriz Prieto-Simon |
| author_facet | Antonio Lazaro Ramon Villarino Merce Pacios Marc Lazaro Nicolau Canellas David Girbau Beatriz Prieto-Simon |
| author_sort | Antonio Lazaro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work proposes a battery-less Near-Field Communication (NFC) milk conductivity sensor for the early-stage detection of bovine mastitis. A proof-of-concept prototype is designed, which is composed of a loop antenna, an NFC microchip, a microcontroller, a custom conductivity sensor and a temperature sensor. A mobile phone is used as a reader, which additionally provides energy to the sensor to power all the electronic components. Since milk conductivity is temperature-dependent, it is also important to measure the temperature. The prototype has a precision better than 2%, which is similar to that of commercial hand-held conductivity meters. Measurements of the conductivity of cows’ milk are made to establish limits that allow healthy cows to be discriminated from those suffering from clinical or subclinical mastitis. To this end, the obtained results are analyzed through ANOVA. The reliability of the method can be improved when milk samples from each quarter are used in the classification. This low-cost device has great potential to be used as on-farm screening tool for the quick identification of bovine mastitis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T14:38:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-61b859d55b5f4e7fa2f60a7c57214697 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T14:38:30Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-61b859d55b5f4e7fa2f60a7c572146972024-04-02T23:00:28ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-0112458244583810.1109/ACCESS.2024.338178410478887Battery-Less NFC Conductivity Sensor for Bovine Mastitis Detection in Farming 4.0Antonio Lazaro0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3160-5777Ramon Villarino1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9692-8943Merce Pacios2Marc Lazaro3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8930-1170Nicolau Canellas4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4856-8132David Girbau5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7995-5536Beatriz Prieto-Simon6Department of Electronics, Electrics and Automatic Control Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, SpainDepartment of Electronics, Electrics and Automatic Control Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, SpainDepartment of Electronics, Electrics and Automatic Control Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, SpainDepartment of Electronics, Electrics and Automatic Control Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, SpainDepartment of Electronics, Electrics and Automatic Control Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, SpainDepartment of Electronics, Electrics and Automatic Control Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, SpainInstitute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, SpainThis work proposes a battery-less Near-Field Communication (NFC) milk conductivity sensor for the early-stage detection of bovine mastitis. A proof-of-concept prototype is designed, which is composed of a loop antenna, an NFC microchip, a microcontroller, a custom conductivity sensor and a temperature sensor. A mobile phone is used as a reader, which additionally provides energy to the sensor to power all the electronic components. Since milk conductivity is temperature-dependent, it is also important to measure the temperature. The prototype has a precision better than 2%, which is similar to that of commercial hand-held conductivity meters. Measurements of the conductivity of cows’ milk are made to establish limits that allow healthy cows to be discriminated from those suffering from clinical or subclinical mastitis. To this end, the obtained results are analyzed through ANOVA. The reliability of the method can be improved when milk samples from each quarter are used in the classification. This low-cost device has great potential to be used as on-farm screening tool for the quick identification of bovine mastitis.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10478887/Near-field communicationbattery-lessmastitis detectionconductivity meterfarm 4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Antonio Lazaro Ramon Villarino Merce Pacios Marc Lazaro Nicolau Canellas David Girbau Beatriz Prieto-Simon Battery-Less NFC Conductivity Sensor for Bovine Mastitis Detection in Farming 4.0 IEEE Access Near-field communication battery-less mastitis detection conductivity meter farm 4.0 |
| title | Battery-Less NFC Conductivity Sensor for Bovine Mastitis Detection in Farming 4.0 |
| title_full | Battery-Less NFC Conductivity Sensor for Bovine Mastitis Detection in Farming 4.0 |
| title_fullStr | Battery-Less NFC Conductivity Sensor for Bovine Mastitis Detection in Farming 4.0 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Battery-Less NFC Conductivity Sensor for Bovine Mastitis Detection in Farming 4.0 |
| title_short | Battery-Less NFC Conductivity Sensor for Bovine Mastitis Detection in Farming 4.0 |
| title_sort | battery less nfc conductivity sensor for bovine mastitis detection in farming 4 0 |
| topic | Near-field communication battery-less mastitis detection conductivity meter farm 4.0 |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10478887/ |
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