10−7 M genistein partially alleviates 10−7 M MEHP unfavorable effects in a new modified fetal rat testis culture system
Background: Recent studies revealed that some common endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) including phthalates and phytoestrogens may exhibit low-dose effects properties. However, how low dose of these EDCs and their mixture would affect fetal rat testis development still needs further investigatio...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.987928/full |
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| author | Tong-Dian Zhang Tong-Dian Zhang Yu-Bo Ma Ming Gao He-Cheng Li Zi-Ming Wang Tie Chong Lian-Dong Zhang |
| author_facet | Tong-Dian Zhang Tong-Dian Zhang Yu-Bo Ma Ming Gao He-Cheng Li Zi-Ming Wang Tie Chong Lian-Dong Zhang |
| author_sort | Tong-Dian Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Recent studies revealed that some common endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) including phthalates and phytoestrogens may exhibit low-dose effects properties. However, how low dose of these EDCs and their mixture would affect fetal rat testis development still needs further investigation. Moreover, testis organ culture system also needs further modification to provide an effective tool for ex vivo EDCs study.Methods: We firstly modified the agarose organ culture system, in which fetal rat testes were cultured for 4 days (d1 to d4) on agarose gels held by Millicell inserts. Then we used the modified agarose culture system to study the combined effects of multiple EDCs exposure. 15.5 dpc fetal rat testes were isolated and treated with vehicle, MEHP (0.1 μmol/L), GEN (0.1 μmol/L) or MEHP (0.1 μmol/L) + GEN (0.1 μmol/L). Parameters concerning testicular cell development and function were evaluated, trying to gain insight into the early molecular events after multiple EDCs exposure.Results: The development of somatic, germ cells and seminiferous tubule in 15.5 dpc fetal rat testis was better sustained in the modified agarose culture system. Based on the modified system, we found that MEHP at 0.1 μmol/L induced alterations in gonocyte markers, antioxidative enzyme activity as well as transient reduction of testosterone production, accompanied by mitochondria swelling in gonocytes and Sertoli cells. No obvious morphological and histological alterations were observed in all treated groups. However, coadministration of genistein at 0.1 μmol/L partially alleviated MEHP-induced fetal testis damage ex vivo through enhancement of antioxidative action. MEHP at low dose still showed weak endocrine disrupting properties but did not exhibit typical low-dose effects.Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the modified agarose culture system could better mimic testicular microenvironment without obvious hypoxic cell damage. Furthermore, low dose of MEHP induced mild disruption to fetal testis development, cotreatment of genistein at low dose attenuated MEHP induced fetal testis injuries in part by balancing redox state, indicating that low dose of genistein may partially protect fetal testis from phthalates induced injury. |
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| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T02:15:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-61ba5292430743b582988f10cf1d708c2022-12-22T02:18:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2022-08-011010.3389/fcell.2022.98792898792810−7 M genistein partially alleviates 10−7 M MEHP unfavorable effects in a new modified fetal rat testis culture systemTong-Dian Zhang0Tong-Dian Zhang1Yu-Bo Ma2Ming Gao3He-Cheng Li4Zi-Ming Wang5Tie Chong6Lian-Dong Zhang7Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Andrology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, Xi’an No. 4 Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaBackground: Recent studies revealed that some common endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) including phthalates and phytoestrogens may exhibit low-dose effects properties. However, how low dose of these EDCs and their mixture would affect fetal rat testis development still needs further investigation. Moreover, testis organ culture system also needs further modification to provide an effective tool for ex vivo EDCs study.Methods: We firstly modified the agarose organ culture system, in which fetal rat testes were cultured for 4 days (d1 to d4) on agarose gels held by Millicell inserts. Then we used the modified agarose culture system to study the combined effects of multiple EDCs exposure. 15.5 dpc fetal rat testes were isolated and treated with vehicle, MEHP (0.1 μmol/L), GEN (0.1 μmol/L) or MEHP (0.1 μmol/L) + GEN (0.1 μmol/L). Parameters concerning testicular cell development and function were evaluated, trying to gain insight into the early molecular events after multiple EDCs exposure.Results: The development of somatic, germ cells and seminiferous tubule in 15.5 dpc fetal rat testis was better sustained in the modified agarose culture system. Based on the modified system, we found that MEHP at 0.1 μmol/L induced alterations in gonocyte markers, antioxidative enzyme activity as well as transient reduction of testosterone production, accompanied by mitochondria swelling in gonocytes and Sertoli cells. No obvious morphological and histological alterations were observed in all treated groups. However, coadministration of genistein at 0.1 μmol/L partially alleviated MEHP-induced fetal testis damage ex vivo through enhancement of antioxidative action. MEHP at low dose still showed weak endocrine disrupting properties but did not exhibit typical low-dose effects.Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the modified agarose culture system could better mimic testicular microenvironment without obvious hypoxic cell damage. Furthermore, low dose of MEHP induced mild disruption to fetal testis development, cotreatment of genistein at low dose attenuated MEHP induced fetal testis injuries in part by balancing redox state, indicating that low dose of genistein may partially protect fetal testis from phthalates induced injury.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.987928/fullmono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalategenisteinfetal testisorgan cultureoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Tong-Dian Zhang Tong-Dian Zhang Yu-Bo Ma Ming Gao He-Cheng Li Zi-Ming Wang Tie Chong Lian-Dong Zhang 10−7 M genistein partially alleviates 10−7 M MEHP unfavorable effects in a new modified fetal rat testis culture system Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate genistein fetal testis organ culture oxidative stress |
| title | 10−7 M genistein partially alleviates 10−7 M MEHP unfavorable effects in a new modified fetal rat testis culture system |
| title_full | 10−7 M genistein partially alleviates 10−7 M MEHP unfavorable effects in a new modified fetal rat testis culture system |
| title_fullStr | 10−7 M genistein partially alleviates 10−7 M MEHP unfavorable effects in a new modified fetal rat testis culture system |
| title_full_unstemmed | 10−7 M genistein partially alleviates 10−7 M MEHP unfavorable effects in a new modified fetal rat testis culture system |
| title_short | 10−7 M genistein partially alleviates 10−7 M MEHP unfavorable effects in a new modified fetal rat testis culture system |
| title_sort | 10 7 m genistein partially alleviates 10 7 m mehp unfavorable effects in a new modified fetal rat testis culture system |
| topic | mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate genistein fetal testis organ culture oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.987928/full |
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