Exploration of Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance by Gender for a Modified Shortened Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool in India
Social capital is defined as the nature of the social relationship between individuals or groups and the embedded resources available through their social network. It is considered as a critical determinant of health and well-being. Thus, it is essential to assess the performance of any tool when me...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02641/full |
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| author | Md Zabir Hasan Jeannie-Marie Leoutsakos William T. Story Lorraine T. Dean Krishna D. Rao Shivam Gupta |
| author_facet | Md Zabir Hasan Jeannie-Marie Leoutsakos William T. Story Lorraine T. Dean Krishna D. Rao Shivam Gupta |
| author_sort | Md Zabir Hasan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Social capital is defined as the nature of the social relationship between individuals or groups and the embedded resources available through their social network. It is considered as a critical determinant of health and well-being. Thus, it is essential to assess the performance of any tool when meaningfully comparing social capital between specific groups. Using measurement invariance (MI) analysis, this paper explored the factor structure of the social capital of men and women measured by a modified Shortened Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool (SASCAT-I) in rural Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. The study sample comprised 5,287 men (18–101 years) and 7,186 women (15–45 years) from 6,218 randomly selected households who responded to SASCAT-I during a community-level cross-sectional survey. Social capital factor structure was examined by both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and MI across genders was investigated using multigroup CFA. While disregarding gender, four unique factors (Organizational Participation, Social Support, Trust, and Social Cohesion) represented the structure of social capital. The MI analysis presented a partial metric-invariance indicating factor loadings for Organizational Participation and Social Support were the same across genders. The gender-stratified analysis demonstrated that a four-factor solution was best fitted for both men and women. Men and women of rural UP interpreted social capital differently as the perception of Trust and Social Cohesion varied across genders. For any future applications of SASCAT-I, we recommend gender-stratified factor analysis to quantify social capital’s measure, acknowledging its multidimensionality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T01:02:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-61c8f1f1ef37484ab1b28012b946a840 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T01:02:33Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-61c8f1f1ef37484ab1b28012b946a8402022-12-22T00:43:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782019-12-011010.3389/fpsyg.2019.02641495543Exploration of Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance by Gender for a Modified Shortened Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool in IndiaMd Zabir Hasan0Jeannie-Marie Leoutsakos1William T. Story2Lorraine T. Dean3Krishna D. Rao4Shivam Gupta5Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United StatesSchool of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Community and Behavioral Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United StatesDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United StatesSocial capital is defined as the nature of the social relationship between individuals or groups and the embedded resources available through their social network. It is considered as a critical determinant of health and well-being. Thus, it is essential to assess the performance of any tool when meaningfully comparing social capital between specific groups. Using measurement invariance (MI) analysis, this paper explored the factor structure of the social capital of men and women measured by a modified Shortened Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool (SASCAT-I) in rural Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. The study sample comprised 5,287 men (18–101 years) and 7,186 women (15–45 years) from 6,218 randomly selected households who responded to SASCAT-I during a community-level cross-sectional survey. Social capital factor structure was examined by both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and MI across genders was investigated using multigroup CFA. While disregarding gender, four unique factors (Organizational Participation, Social Support, Trust, and Social Cohesion) represented the structure of social capital. The MI analysis presented a partial metric-invariance indicating factor loadings for Organizational Participation and Social Support were the same across genders. The gender-stratified analysis demonstrated that a four-factor solution was best fitted for both men and women. Men and women of rural UP interpreted social capital differently as the perception of Trust and Social Cohesion varied across genders. For any future applications of SASCAT-I, we recommend gender-stratified factor analysis to quantify social capital’s measure, acknowledging its multidimensionality.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02641/fullsocial capitalgendermeasurement invariancefactor analysisIndia |
| spellingShingle | Md Zabir Hasan Jeannie-Marie Leoutsakos William T. Story Lorraine T. Dean Krishna D. Rao Shivam Gupta Exploration of Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance by Gender for a Modified Shortened Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool in India Frontiers in Psychology social capital gender measurement invariance factor analysis India |
| title | Exploration of Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance by Gender for a Modified Shortened Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool in India |
| title_full | Exploration of Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance by Gender for a Modified Shortened Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool in India |
| title_fullStr | Exploration of Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance by Gender for a Modified Shortened Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool in India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploration of Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance by Gender for a Modified Shortened Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool in India |
| title_short | Exploration of Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance by Gender for a Modified Shortened Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool in India |
| title_sort | exploration of factor structure and measurement invariance by gender for a modified shortened adapted social capital assessment tool in india |
| topic | social capital gender measurement invariance factor analysis India |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02641/full |
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