Effects of Consuming Beverages Sweetened with Fructose, Glucose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose, or Aspartame on OGTT-Derived Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults
(1) Background: Clinical results on the effects of excess sugar consumption on insulin sensitivity are conflicting, possibly due to differences in sugar type and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) assessed. Therefore, we compared the effects of consuming four different sugars on insulin sensitivity...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/1/151 |
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| author | Bettina Hieronimus Valentina Medici Vivien Lee Marinelle V. Nunez Desiree M. Sigala Andrew A. Bremer Chad L. Cox Nancy L. Keim Jean-Marc Schwarz Giovanni Pacini Andrea Tura Peter J. Havel Kimber L. Stanhope |
| author_facet | Bettina Hieronimus Valentina Medici Vivien Lee Marinelle V. Nunez Desiree M. Sigala Andrew A. Bremer Chad L. Cox Nancy L. Keim Jean-Marc Schwarz Giovanni Pacini Andrea Tura Peter J. Havel Kimber L. Stanhope |
| author_sort | Bettina Hieronimus |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: Clinical results on the effects of excess sugar consumption on insulin sensitivity are conflicting, possibly due to differences in sugar type and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) assessed. Therefore, we compared the effects of consuming four different sugars on insulin sensitivity indices derived from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). (2) Methods: Young adults consumed fructose-, glucose-, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-, sucrose-, or aspartame-sweetened beverages (SB) for 2 weeks. Participants underwent OGTT before and at the end of the intervention. Fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose and insulin area under the curve, Surrogate Hepatic Insulin Resistance Index, Matsuda ISI, Predicted M ISI, and Stumvoll Index were assessed. Outcomes were analyzed to determine: (1) effects of the five SB; (2) effects of the proportions of fructose and glucose in all SB. (3) Results: Fructose-SB and the fructose component in mixed sugars negatively affected outcomes that assess hepatic insulin sensitivity, while glucose did not. The effects of glucose-SB and the glucose component in mixed sugar on muscle insulin sensitivity were more negative than those of fructose. (4) Conclusion: the effects of consuming sugar-SB on insulin sensitivity varied depending on type of sugar and ISI index because outcomes assessing hepatic insulin sensitivity were negatively affected by fructose, and outcomes assessing muscle insulin sensitivity were more negatively affected by glucose. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:00:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-61c9cbb4b6d8413687a44614a434bdde |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:00:20Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-61c9cbb4b6d8413687a44614a434bdde2024-01-10T15:05:44ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432024-01-0116115110.3390/nu16010151Effects of Consuming Beverages Sweetened with Fructose, Glucose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose, or Aspartame on OGTT-Derived Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Young AdultsBettina Hieronimus0Valentina Medici1Vivien Lee2Marinelle V. Nunez3Desiree M. Sigala4Andrew A. Bremer5Chad L. Cox6Nancy L. Keim7Jean-Marc Schwarz8Giovanni Pacini9Andrea Tura10Peter J. Havel11Kimber L. Stanhope12Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Chemistry and Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95819, USADepartment of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USADepartment of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA(1) Background: Clinical results on the effects of excess sugar consumption on insulin sensitivity are conflicting, possibly due to differences in sugar type and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) assessed. Therefore, we compared the effects of consuming four different sugars on insulin sensitivity indices derived from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). (2) Methods: Young adults consumed fructose-, glucose-, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-, sucrose-, or aspartame-sweetened beverages (SB) for 2 weeks. Participants underwent OGTT before and at the end of the intervention. Fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose and insulin area under the curve, Surrogate Hepatic Insulin Resistance Index, Matsuda ISI, Predicted M ISI, and Stumvoll Index were assessed. Outcomes were analyzed to determine: (1) effects of the five SB; (2) effects of the proportions of fructose and glucose in all SB. (3) Results: Fructose-SB and the fructose component in mixed sugars negatively affected outcomes that assess hepatic insulin sensitivity, while glucose did not. The effects of glucose-SB and the glucose component in mixed sugar on muscle insulin sensitivity were more negative than those of fructose. (4) Conclusion: the effects of consuming sugar-SB on insulin sensitivity varied depending on type of sugar and ISI index because outcomes assessing hepatic insulin sensitivity were negatively affected by fructose, and outcomes assessing muscle insulin sensitivity were more negatively affected by glucose.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/1/151dietary intervention studyfructoseglucosehigh-fructose corn syrupsucroseaspartame |
| spellingShingle | Bettina Hieronimus Valentina Medici Vivien Lee Marinelle V. Nunez Desiree M. Sigala Andrew A. Bremer Chad L. Cox Nancy L. Keim Jean-Marc Schwarz Giovanni Pacini Andrea Tura Peter J. Havel Kimber L. Stanhope Effects of Consuming Beverages Sweetened with Fructose, Glucose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose, or Aspartame on OGTT-Derived Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults Nutrients dietary intervention study fructose glucose high-fructose corn syrup sucrose aspartame |
| title | Effects of Consuming Beverages Sweetened with Fructose, Glucose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose, or Aspartame on OGTT-Derived Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults |
| title_full | Effects of Consuming Beverages Sweetened with Fructose, Glucose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose, or Aspartame on OGTT-Derived Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Consuming Beverages Sweetened with Fructose, Glucose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose, or Aspartame on OGTT-Derived Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Consuming Beverages Sweetened with Fructose, Glucose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose, or Aspartame on OGTT-Derived Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults |
| title_short | Effects of Consuming Beverages Sweetened with Fructose, Glucose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose, or Aspartame on OGTT-Derived Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults |
| title_sort | effects of consuming beverages sweetened with fructose glucose high fructose corn syrup sucrose or aspartame on ogtt derived indices of insulin sensitivity in young adults |
| topic | dietary intervention study fructose glucose high-fructose corn syrup sucrose aspartame |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/1/151 |
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