Characteristics and Sources of Black Carbon Aerosol in a Mega-City in the Western Yangtze River Delta, China
A single particle soot photometer (SP2) was deployed in urban Nanjing, located in the Yangtze River Delta (China), to investigate the mixing state and sources of ambient refractory black carbon (rBC) from 26 January to 25 February 2014, along with an in-situ measurement of submicron aerosol chemical...
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/4/315 |
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| author | Jun Li Lei Jiang Cheng Chen Dantong Liu Songshan Du Yunjiang Zhang Yifan Yang Lili Tang |
| author_facet | Jun Li Lei Jiang Cheng Chen Dantong Liu Songshan Du Yunjiang Zhang Yifan Yang Lili Tang |
| author_sort | Jun Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A single particle soot photometer (SP2) was deployed in urban Nanjing, located in the Yangtze River Delta (China), to investigate the mixing state and sources of ambient refractory black carbon (rBC) from 26 January to 25 February 2014, along with an in-situ measurement of submicron aerosol chemical species by an aerodyne aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM). The results showed that anthropogenic activities associated with firework emissions can be a significant source for rBC-containing particles during the period of the Chinese New Year, resulting from the evident peaks of rBC at midnight. During the residual periods, namely regular day (RD), the diurnal cycles of rBC presented two typical peaks that can be attributed to a synergistic influence of local traffic emissions and boundary layer changes throughout a day. Three coating factors, including organics, sulfate, and nitrate (-rich), were resolved using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) approach to explain the potential contribution of non-rBC coatings (i.e., organics, sulfate, and nitrate) to the coating thickness of rBC-containing particles. As the results show, organic aerosols (OAs) might be a major contributor to the coating thickness of rBC-coating particles during the whole period. The relative coating thickness (a ratio between coated particle size to BC core) exhibited a positive relationship with sulfate, indicative of the favorable coating factor during the episode caused by firework emissions. Source apportionment of rBC was performed via a multiple linear regression between the total rBC mass and each ACSM-PMF factor (rBC-ACSM-PMF). On average, biomass burning emissions accounted for 43%, being the largest contributor during the RD period, whereas local traffic emissions played a major role during the new year time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T10:01:55Z |
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| id | doaj.art-61d8cb3c49c644558daa5ae281b27e1b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T10:01:55Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-61d8cb3c49c644558daa5ae281b27e1b2022-12-21T21:11:39ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332020-03-0111431510.3390/atmos11040315atmos11040315Characteristics and Sources of Black Carbon Aerosol in a Mega-City in the Western Yangtze River Delta, ChinaJun Li0Lei Jiang1Cheng Chen2Dantong Liu3Songshan Du4Yunjiang Zhang5Yifan Yang6Lili Tang7Lianyungang Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang 222001, ChinaJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaJiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210036, ChinaDepartment of Atmospheric Science, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, ChinaJiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210036, ChinaLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l'Environnement, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, FranceJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaA single particle soot photometer (SP2) was deployed in urban Nanjing, located in the Yangtze River Delta (China), to investigate the mixing state and sources of ambient refractory black carbon (rBC) from 26 January to 25 February 2014, along with an in-situ measurement of submicron aerosol chemical species by an aerodyne aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM). The results showed that anthropogenic activities associated with firework emissions can be a significant source for rBC-containing particles during the period of the Chinese New Year, resulting from the evident peaks of rBC at midnight. During the residual periods, namely regular day (RD), the diurnal cycles of rBC presented two typical peaks that can be attributed to a synergistic influence of local traffic emissions and boundary layer changes throughout a day. Three coating factors, including organics, sulfate, and nitrate (-rich), were resolved using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) approach to explain the potential contribution of non-rBC coatings (i.e., organics, sulfate, and nitrate) to the coating thickness of rBC-containing particles. As the results show, organic aerosols (OAs) might be a major contributor to the coating thickness of rBC-coating particles during the whole period. The relative coating thickness (a ratio between coated particle size to BC core) exhibited a positive relationship with sulfate, indicative of the favorable coating factor during the episode caused by firework emissions. Source apportionment of rBC was performed via a multiple linear regression between the total rBC mass and each ACSM-PMF factor (rBC-ACSM-PMF). On average, biomass burning emissions accounted for 43%, being the largest contributor during the RD period, whereas local traffic emissions played a major role during the new year time.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/4/315black carbonmixing statesourcesfirework emissionswinteryangtze river delta |
| spellingShingle | Jun Li Lei Jiang Cheng Chen Dantong Liu Songshan Du Yunjiang Zhang Yifan Yang Lili Tang Characteristics and Sources of Black Carbon Aerosol in a Mega-City in the Western Yangtze River Delta, China Atmosphere black carbon mixing state sources firework emissions winter yangtze river delta |
| title | Characteristics and Sources of Black Carbon Aerosol in a Mega-City in the Western Yangtze River Delta, China |
| title_full | Characteristics and Sources of Black Carbon Aerosol in a Mega-City in the Western Yangtze River Delta, China |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics and Sources of Black Carbon Aerosol in a Mega-City in the Western Yangtze River Delta, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics and Sources of Black Carbon Aerosol in a Mega-City in the Western Yangtze River Delta, China |
| title_short | Characteristics and Sources of Black Carbon Aerosol in a Mega-City in the Western Yangtze River Delta, China |
| title_sort | characteristics and sources of black carbon aerosol in a mega city in the western yangtze river delta china |
| topic | black carbon mixing state sources firework emissions winter yangtze river delta |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/4/315 |
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