Performance and Stability Analysis of Selected Durum Wheat Genotypes Differing in Their Kernel Characteristics
Breeding of high-yielding and stable durum wheat varieties with improved kernel characteristics is needed for dry regions around the globe. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance and stability of eight durum wheat genotypes varying in their kernel characteristics across 15 contrast...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/14/2664 |
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| author | R. Al-Sayaydeh M. J. Shtaya T. Qubbaj M. K. Al-Rifaee M. A. Alabdallah O. Migdadi I. A. Gammoh A. M. Al-Abdallat |
| author_facet | R. Al-Sayaydeh M. J. Shtaya T. Qubbaj M. K. Al-Rifaee M. A. Alabdallah O. Migdadi I. A. Gammoh A. M. Al-Abdallat |
| author_sort | R. Al-Sayaydeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Breeding of high-yielding and stable durum wheat varieties with improved kernel characteristics is needed for dry regions around the globe. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance and stability of eight durum wheat genotypes varying in their kernel characteristics across 15 contrasting environments. The tested material included three recombinant inbred lines (NUR-072, NUR-106 and NUR-238) derived from a cross between Norsi, a Jordanian landrace with special kernel characteristics and UC1113 <i>Yr36+Gpc-B1</i>, an elite line from USA. Field trials were carried out for three constitutive growing seasons under rainfed conditions, except for three environments where supplementary irrigation was provided. After the harvest, grain yield (GY), total yield (TW), and harvest index (HI) were recorded. Additionally, several kernel-related traits, including thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel area (KA), kernel width (KW), kernel length (KL), kernel circularity (KC), and kernel length–width ratio (KL:KW) were evaluated. Analysis of variance for all tested traits revealed high significant variations (<i>p ≤ 0.01</i>) between the genotype (except for TW) and the genotype × environment (G × E) interaction. Genotype effect contributed to substantial percentage of variation (>75%) for KA, KL, KC and KL:KW, whereas KW showed a lower percentage similar to GY. Regarding the G × E effect, explained variation was highest for the TW (67.79%), and lowest for KL (6.47%). For GY, Norsi produced significantly the lowest mean value (249.99 g.m<sup>−2</sup>) while, Bolenga produced the highest mean value (377.85 g.m<sup>−2</sup>) although no significant differences were observed with the remaining genotypes. On the other hand, Norsi, NUR-072 and NUR-106 showed best performance for TKW and kernel-related traits with NUR-106 producing the highest mean value for KL (9.07 mm). The GGE biplot and AMMI analysis of GY identified Bolenga, Um Qais and NUR-106 as good performers across several environments, while Norsi exhibited the poorest performance. For TKW, Norsi was the best performer across different environments followed by NUR-106, which showed excellent performance under irrigated and saline conditions. For stability analysis, NUR-106 emerged as the most stable genotype in this study for GY and several kernel-related traits, particularly for KL and KC. In conclusion, the results of this study offer valuable insights for durum wheat breeders seeking to develop high-yielding and stable varieties with special kernel characteristics suitable for cultivation in dry areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:42:57Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-61e9cb8072b44d1cbeb542f182d135b42023-11-18T21:00:17ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-07-011214266410.3390/plants12142664Performance and Stability Analysis of Selected Durum Wheat Genotypes Differing in Their Kernel CharacteristicsR. Al-Sayaydeh0M. J. Shtaya1T. Qubbaj2M. K. Al-Rifaee3M. A. Alabdallah4O. Migdadi5I. A. Gammoh6A. M. Al-Abdallat7Department of Agriculture Sciences, Faculty of Shoubak College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, JordanDepartment of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 707, PalestineDepartment of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 707, PalestineNational Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Amman 19381, JordanNational Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Amman 19381, JordanNational Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Amman 19381, JordanDepartment of Horticulture and Crop Science, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Horticulture and Crop Science, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanBreeding of high-yielding and stable durum wheat varieties with improved kernel characteristics is needed for dry regions around the globe. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance and stability of eight durum wheat genotypes varying in their kernel characteristics across 15 contrasting environments. The tested material included three recombinant inbred lines (NUR-072, NUR-106 and NUR-238) derived from a cross between Norsi, a Jordanian landrace with special kernel characteristics and UC1113 <i>Yr36+Gpc-B1</i>, an elite line from USA. Field trials were carried out for three constitutive growing seasons under rainfed conditions, except for three environments where supplementary irrigation was provided. After the harvest, grain yield (GY), total yield (TW), and harvest index (HI) were recorded. Additionally, several kernel-related traits, including thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel area (KA), kernel width (KW), kernel length (KL), kernel circularity (KC), and kernel length–width ratio (KL:KW) were evaluated. Analysis of variance for all tested traits revealed high significant variations (<i>p ≤ 0.01</i>) between the genotype (except for TW) and the genotype × environment (G × E) interaction. Genotype effect contributed to substantial percentage of variation (>75%) for KA, KL, KC and KL:KW, whereas KW showed a lower percentage similar to GY. Regarding the G × E effect, explained variation was highest for the TW (67.79%), and lowest for KL (6.47%). For GY, Norsi produced significantly the lowest mean value (249.99 g.m<sup>−2</sup>) while, Bolenga produced the highest mean value (377.85 g.m<sup>−2</sup>) although no significant differences were observed with the remaining genotypes. On the other hand, Norsi, NUR-072 and NUR-106 showed best performance for TKW and kernel-related traits with NUR-106 producing the highest mean value for KL (9.07 mm). The GGE biplot and AMMI analysis of GY identified Bolenga, Um Qais and NUR-106 as good performers across several environments, while Norsi exhibited the poorest performance. For TKW, Norsi was the best performer across different environments followed by NUR-106, which showed excellent performance under irrigated and saline conditions. For stability analysis, NUR-106 emerged as the most stable genotype in this study for GY and several kernel-related traits, particularly for KL and KC. In conclusion, the results of this study offer valuable insights for durum wheat breeders seeking to develop high-yielding and stable varieties with special kernel characteristics suitable for cultivation in dry areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/14/2664AMMI analysisdroughtGGE biplotgrain yieldkernel lengthsalinity |
| spellingShingle | R. Al-Sayaydeh M. J. Shtaya T. Qubbaj M. K. Al-Rifaee M. A. Alabdallah O. Migdadi I. A. Gammoh A. M. Al-Abdallat Performance and Stability Analysis of Selected Durum Wheat Genotypes Differing in Their Kernel Characteristics Plants AMMI analysis drought GGE biplot grain yield kernel length salinity |
| title | Performance and Stability Analysis of Selected Durum Wheat Genotypes Differing in Their Kernel Characteristics |
| title_full | Performance and Stability Analysis of Selected Durum Wheat Genotypes Differing in Their Kernel Characteristics |
| title_fullStr | Performance and Stability Analysis of Selected Durum Wheat Genotypes Differing in Their Kernel Characteristics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance and Stability Analysis of Selected Durum Wheat Genotypes Differing in Their Kernel Characteristics |
| title_short | Performance and Stability Analysis of Selected Durum Wheat Genotypes Differing in Their Kernel Characteristics |
| title_sort | performance and stability analysis of selected durum wheat genotypes differing in their kernel characteristics |
| topic | AMMI analysis drought GGE biplot grain yield kernel length salinity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/14/2664 |
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