Replacing Dairy Fat With Polyunsaturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids: A Food-Level Modeling Study of Dietary Nutrient Density and Diet Quality Using the 2013–16 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Recent dietary guidelines have become more food-based, as opposed to purely nutrient-based. By contrast, assessing the impact of dietary changes on chronic disease risk continues to rely on single-nutrient substitutions. To assess the real-world implications of a nutrient-for-nutrient swap, this stu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnut.2019.00113/full |
| _version_ | 1819264801998635008 |
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| author | Colin D. Rehm Adam Drewnowski |
| author_facet | Colin D. Rehm Adam Drewnowski |
| author_sort | Colin D. Rehm |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent dietary guidelines have become more food-based, as opposed to purely nutrient-based. By contrast, assessing the impact of dietary changes on chronic disease risk continues to rely on single-nutrient substitutions. To assess the real-world implications of a nutrient-for-nutrient swap, this study examined dietary nutrient density and healthy diet scores following removal of food sources of dairy fat from diets of 15,260 individuals age ≥4 y in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2013–2016). Those foods were then replaced with foods containing a comparable amount of non-dairy polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The present food-level substitution model was based on 576 diverse eating patterns of US population subgroups. Diet quality measures were the Nutrient Rich Food (NRF 9.3) Index and the 2015-Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015). Removing 5% of dietary energy from dairy fat led to lower levels of multiple micronutrients and to lower NRF 9.3 scores. These deficits were not remedied by the modeled replacements. Although swapping dairy fat for foods containing non-dairy MUFA/PUFA did alter the fatty acid ratios, the resulting food patterns were still significantly lower in some key micronutrients. Nutrient-based dietary guidance is prone to ignore the complexity of food patterns and the recommended dietary change may have unintended nutritional consequences. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-61ebe2cdfd3147ac8d0d84a846eb81f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T20:35:16Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-61ebe2cdfd3147ac8d0d84a846eb81f22022-12-21T17:32:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2019-08-01610.3389/fnut.2019.00113454778Replacing Dairy Fat With Polyunsaturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids: A Food-Level Modeling Study of Dietary Nutrient Density and Diet Quality Using the 2013–16 National Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyColin D. Rehm0Adam Drewnowski1Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesCenter for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United StatesRecent dietary guidelines have become more food-based, as opposed to purely nutrient-based. By contrast, assessing the impact of dietary changes on chronic disease risk continues to rely on single-nutrient substitutions. To assess the real-world implications of a nutrient-for-nutrient swap, this study examined dietary nutrient density and healthy diet scores following removal of food sources of dairy fat from diets of 15,260 individuals age ≥4 y in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2013–2016). Those foods were then replaced with foods containing a comparable amount of non-dairy polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The present food-level substitution model was based on 576 diverse eating patterns of US population subgroups. Diet quality measures were the Nutrient Rich Food (NRF 9.3) Index and the 2015-Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015). Removing 5% of dietary energy from dairy fat led to lower levels of multiple micronutrients and to lower NRF 9.3 scores. These deficits were not remedied by the modeled replacements. Although swapping dairy fat for foods containing non-dairy MUFA/PUFA did alter the fatty acid ratios, the resulting food patterns were still significantly lower in some key micronutrients. Nutrient-based dietary guidance is prone to ignore the complexity of food patterns and the recommended dietary change may have unintended nutritional consequences.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnut.2019.00113/fullfood based dietary guidelinesdietary nutrient densitysubstitution modelinghealthy diet scoresNRF 9.3HEI-2015 |
| spellingShingle | Colin D. Rehm Adam Drewnowski Replacing Dairy Fat With Polyunsaturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids: A Food-Level Modeling Study of Dietary Nutrient Density and Diet Quality Using the 2013–16 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Frontiers in Nutrition food based dietary guidelines dietary nutrient density substitution modeling healthy diet scores NRF 9.3 HEI-2015 |
| title | Replacing Dairy Fat With Polyunsaturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids: A Food-Level Modeling Study of Dietary Nutrient Density and Diet Quality Using the 2013–16 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| title_full | Replacing Dairy Fat With Polyunsaturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids: A Food-Level Modeling Study of Dietary Nutrient Density and Diet Quality Using the 2013–16 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| title_fullStr | Replacing Dairy Fat With Polyunsaturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids: A Food-Level Modeling Study of Dietary Nutrient Density and Diet Quality Using the 2013–16 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Replacing Dairy Fat With Polyunsaturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids: A Food-Level Modeling Study of Dietary Nutrient Density and Diet Quality Using the 2013–16 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| title_short | Replacing Dairy Fat With Polyunsaturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids: A Food-Level Modeling Study of Dietary Nutrient Density and Diet Quality Using the 2013–16 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| title_sort | replacing dairy fat with polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids a food level modeling study of dietary nutrient density and diet quality using the 2013 16 national health and nutrition examination survey |
| topic | food based dietary guidelines dietary nutrient density substitution modeling healthy diet scores NRF 9.3 HEI-2015 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnut.2019.00113/full |
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