How genome editing changed the world of large animal research
The first genetically modified large animals were developed in 1985 by microinjection to increase the growth of agricultural livestock such as pigs. Since then, it has been a difficult trail due to the lack of genetic tools. Although methods and technologies were developed quickly for the main exper...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genome Editing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgeed.2023.1272687/full |
| _version_ | 1827795586908160000 |
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| author | Konrad Fischer Angelika Schnieke |
| author_facet | Konrad Fischer Angelika Schnieke |
| author_sort | Konrad Fischer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The first genetically modified large animals were developed in 1985 by microinjection to increase the growth of agricultural livestock such as pigs. Since then, it has been a difficult trail due to the lack of genetic tools. Although methods and technologies were developed quickly for the main experimental mammal, the mouse, e.g., efficient pronuclear microinjection, gene targeting in embryonic stem cells, and omics data, most of it was—and in part still is—lacking when it comes to livestock. Over the next few decades, progress in genetic engineering of large animals was driven less by research for agriculture but more for biomedical applications, such as the production of pharmaceutical proteins in the milk of sheep, goats, or cows, xeno-organ transplantation, and modeling human diseases. Available technologies determined if a desired animal model could be realized, and efficiencies were generally low. Presented here is a short review of how genome editing tools, specifically CRISPR/Cas, have impacted the large animal field in recent years. Although there will be a focus on genome engineering of pigs for biomedical applications, the general principles and experimental approaches also apply to other livestock species or applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:52:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-61ec2bdc17a74f2ab07244a017a44191 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-3439 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:52:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genome Editing |
| spelling | doaj.art-61ec2bdc17a74f2ab07244a017a441912023-10-11T08:30:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genome Editing2673-34392023-10-01510.3389/fgeed.2023.12726871272687How genome editing changed the world of large animal researchKonrad FischerAngelika SchniekeThe first genetically modified large animals were developed in 1985 by microinjection to increase the growth of agricultural livestock such as pigs. Since then, it has been a difficult trail due to the lack of genetic tools. Although methods and technologies were developed quickly for the main experimental mammal, the mouse, e.g., efficient pronuclear microinjection, gene targeting in embryonic stem cells, and omics data, most of it was—and in part still is—lacking when it comes to livestock. Over the next few decades, progress in genetic engineering of large animals was driven less by research for agriculture but more for biomedical applications, such as the production of pharmaceutical proteins in the milk of sheep, goats, or cows, xeno-organ transplantation, and modeling human diseases. Available technologies determined if a desired animal model could be realized, and efficiencies were generally low. Presented here is a short review of how genome editing tools, specifically CRISPR/Cas, have impacted the large animal field in recent years. Although there will be a focus on genome engineering of pigs for biomedical applications, the general principles and experimental approaches also apply to other livestock species or applications.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgeed.2023.1272687/fullgene editing (CRISPR/Cas9)transgenic livestockCRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editingCpf1 (Cas12a)livestockSCNT |
| spellingShingle | Konrad Fischer Angelika Schnieke How genome editing changed the world of large animal research Frontiers in Genome Editing gene editing (CRISPR/Cas9) transgenic livestock CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing Cpf1 (Cas12a) livestock SCNT |
| title | How genome editing changed the world of large animal research |
| title_full | How genome editing changed the world of large animal research |
| title_fullStr | How genome editing changed the world of large animal research |
| title_full_unstemmed | How genome editing changed the world of large animal research |
| title_short | How genome editing changed the world of large animal research |
| title_sort | how genome editing changed the world of large animal research |
| topic | gene editing (CRISPR/Cas9) transgenic livestock CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing Cpf1 (Cas12a) livestock SCNT |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgeed.2023.1272687/full |
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