The SUPERCOLD-CGM Survey. I. Probing the Extended CO(4–3) Emission of the Circumgalactic Medium in a Sample of 10 Enormous Lyα Nebulae at z ∼ 2
To understand how massive galaxies at high z coevolve with enormous reservoirs of halo gas, it is essential to study the coldest phase of the circumgalactic medium (CGM), which directly relates to stellar growth. The SUPERCOLD-CGM survey is the first statistical survey of cold molecular gas on CGM s...
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| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/accbbd |
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| author | Jianrui Li Bjorn H. C. Emonts Zheng Cai Jianan Li Fabrizio Arrigoni Battaia Jason X Prochaska Ilsang Yoon Matthew D. Lehnert Craig Sarazin Yunjing Wu Mark Lacy Brian Mason Kyle Massingill |
| author_facet | Jianrui Li Bjorn H. C. Emonts Zheng Cai Jianan Li Fabrizio Arrigoni Battaia Jason X Prochaska Ilsang Yoon Matthew D. Lehnert Craig Sarazin Yunjing Wu Mark Lacy Brian Mason Kyle Massingill |
| author_sort | Jianrui Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To understand how massive galaxies at high z coevolve with enormous reservoirs of halo gas, it is essential to study the coldest phase of the circumgalactic medium (CGM), which directly relates to stellar growth. The SUPERCOLD-CGM survey is the first statistical survey of cold molecular gas on CGM scales. We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array and Atacama Compact Array observations of CO(4–3) and continuum emission from 10 enormous Ly α nebulae (ELANe) around ultraluminous type I quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) at z ∼ 2. We detect CO(4–3) in 100% of our targets, with 60% showing extended CO on scales of 15–100 kpc. Q1228+3128 reveals the most extended CO(4–3) reservoir of ∼100 kpc and is the only radio-loud target in our sample. The CO reservoir is located along the radio axis, which could indicate a link between the inner radio jet and cold halo gas. For the other five radio-quiet ELANe, four of them show extended CO(4–3) predominantly in the direction of their companions. These extended CO(4–3) reservoirs identify enrichment of the CGM and may potentially contribute to widespread star formation. However, there is no evidence from CO(4–3) for diffuse molecular gas spread across the full extent of the Ly α nebulae. One target in our sample (Q0107) shows significant evidence for a massive CO disk associated with the QSO. Moreover, 70% of our QSO fields contain at least one CO companion, two of which reveal extended CO emission outside the ELANe. Our results provide insight into roles of both the cold CGM and companions in driving the early evolution of massive galaxies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:00:07Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:00:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-6200700a316c4afaa999a6e5cfb434412023-09-03T14:51:27ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-01950218010.3847/1538-4357/accbbdThe SUPERCOLD-CGM Survey. I. Probing the Extended CO(4–3) Emission of the Circumgalactic Medium in a Sample of 10 Enormous Lyα Nebulae at z ∼ 2Jianrui Li0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0994-1512Bjorn H. C. Emonts1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2983-815XZheng Cai2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8467-6478Jianan Li3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1815-4839Fabrizio Arrigoni Battaia4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4770-6137Jason X Prochaska5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7738-6875Ilsang Yoon6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-0064Matthew D. Lehnert7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1939-5885Craig Sarazin8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0167-0981Yunjing Wu9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0111-8249Mark Lacy10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3032-1783Brian Mason11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8472-836XKyle Massingill12Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; zcai@mail.tsinghua.edu.cnNational Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USADepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; zcai@mail.tsinghua.edu.cnDepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; zcai@mail.tsinghua.edu.cnMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, GermanyUniversity of California , 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan; Division of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanNational Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USAUniversité Lyon 1 , ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR5574, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, F-69230 Saint-Genis-Laval, FranceDepartment of Astronomy, University of Virginia , 530 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USADepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; zcai@mail.tsinghua.edu.cnNational Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USANational Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USASchool of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85287, USATo understand how massive galaxies at high z coevolve with enormous reservoirs of halo gas, it is essential to study the coldest phase of the circumgalactic medium (CGM), which directly relates to stellar growth. The SUPERCOLD-CGM survey is the first statistical survey of cold molecular gas on CGM scales. We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array and Atacama Compact Array observations of CO(4–3) and continuum emission from 10 enormous Ly α nebulae (ELANe) around ultraluminous type I quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) at z ∼ 2. We detect CO(4–3) in 100% of our targets, with 60% showing extended CO on scales of 15–100 kpc. Q1228+3128 reveals the most extended CO(4–3) reservoir of ∼100 kpc and is the only radio-loud target in our sample. The CO reservoir is located along the radio axis, which could indicate a link between the inner radio jet and cold halo gas. For the other five radio-quiet ELANe, four of them show extended CO(4–3) predominantly in the direction of their companions. These extended CO(4–3) reservoirs identify enrichment of the CGM and may potentially contribute to widespread star formation. However, there is no evidence from CO(4–3) for diffuse molecular gas spread across the full extent of the Ly α nebulae. One target in our sample (Q0107) shows significant evidence for a massive CO disk associated with the QSO. Moreover, 70% of our QSO fields contain at least one CO companion, two of which reveal extended CO emission outside the ELANe. Our results provide insight into roles of both the cold CGM and companions in driving the early evolution of massive galaxies.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/accbbdCircumgalactic mediumGalaxy evolutionRadio astronomy |
| spellingShingle | Jianrui Li Bjorn H. C. Emonts Zheng Cai Jianan Li Fabrizio Arrigoni Battaia Jason X Prochaska Ilsang Yoon Matthew D. Lehnert Craig Sarazin Yunjing Wu Mark Lacy Brian Mason Kyle Massingill The SUPERCOLD-CGM Survey. I. Probing the Extended CO(4–3) Emission of the Circumgalactic Medium in a Sample of 10 Enormous Lyα Nebulae at z ∼ 2 The Astrophysical Journal Circumgalactic medium Galaxy evolution Radio astronomy |
| title | The SUPERCOLD-CGM Survey. I. Probing the Extended CO(4–3) Emission of the Circumgalactic Medium in a Sample of 10 Enormous Lyα Nebulae at z ∼ 2 |
| title_full | The SUPERCOLD-CGM Survey. I. Probing the Extended CO(4–3) Emission of the Circumgalactic Medium in a Sample of 10 Enormous Lyα Nebulae at z ∼ 2 |
| title_fullStr | The SUPERCOLD-CGM Survey. I. Probing the Extended CO(4–3) Emission of the Circumgalactic Medium in a Sample of 10 Enormous Lyα Nebulae at z ∼ 2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | The SUPERCOLD-CGM Survey. I. Probing the Extended CO(4–3) Emission of the Circumgalactic Medium in a Sample of 10 Enormous Lyα Nebulae at z ∼ 2 |
| title_short | The SUPERCOLD-CGM Survey. I. Probing the Extended CO(4–3) Emission of the Circumgalactic Medium in a Sample of 10 Enormous Lyα Nebulae at z ∼ 2 |
| title_sort | supercold cgm survey i probing the extended co 4 3 emission of the circumgalactic medium in a sample of 10 enormous lyα nebulae at z ∼ 2 |
| topic | Circumgalactic medium Galaxy evolution Radio astronomy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/accbbd |
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