Experimental Study on Primary Bird Co-Infection with Two <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> Lineages—pSGS1 and pGRW11
Background: Co-infections are common in the wild. Thus, studies focused on parasite interactions are essential. We aimed to (i) follow the development of two genetic lineages of <i>Plasmodium relictum</i>—pSGS1 and pGRW11—during single infections and co-infections and (ii) evaluate their...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/15/1879 |
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| author | Vaidas Palinauskas Rita Žiegytė Jakov Šengaut Rasa Bernotienė |
| author_facet | Vaidas Palinauskas Rita Žiegytė Jakov Šengaut Rasa Bernotienė |
| author_sort | Vaidas Palinauskas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Co-infections are common in the wild. Thus, studies focused on parasite interactions are essential. We aimed to (i) follow the development of two genetic lineages of <i>Plasmodium relictum</i>—pSGS1 and pGRW11—during single infections and co-infections and (ii) evaluate their impact on bird host health. Materials: Twenty-four domestic canaries were allocated to four groups: two groups were infected with parasites of a single genetic lineage, one group was infected with parasites of both genetic lineages, and one group was considered as the control group. Parasitemia, the number of polychromatophils, changes in body weight, and hemoglobin levels were all quantified up to 32 days post-infection. Results: Three birds infected with pSGS1 died within 20 days post-infection. The prepatent period and the peak of parasitemia did not differ significantly between groups. Differences in hemoglobin levels between the control and experimental groups were observed and there was an abnormal increase in the number of polychromatophils in infected birds. In all infected groups, correlations were detected between the number of polychromatophils and parasitemia (positive), and between the number of polychromatophils and hemoglobin levels (negative). Conclusion: This study shows that co-infection with two phylogenetically closely related <i>P. relictum</i> parasites does not alter overall parasitemia and does not cause higher virulence to the host. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:10:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-621d39700b4c43a2813b33cec9cbfb16 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:10:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-621d39700b4c43a2813b33cec9cbfb162023-12-01T22:48:08ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-07-011215187910.3390/ani12151879Experimental Study on Primary Bird Co-Infection with Two <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> Lineages—pSGS1 and pGRW11Vaidas Palinauskas0Rita Žiegytė1Jakov Šengaut2Rasa Bernotienė3Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, LithuaniaInstitute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, LithuaniaInstitute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, LithuaniaInstitute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, LithuaniaBackground: Co-infections are common in the wild. Thus, studies focused on parasite interactions are essential. We aimed to (i) follow the development of two genetic lineages of <i>Plasmodium relictum</i>—pSGS1 and pGRW11—during single infections and co-infections and (ii) evaluate their impact on bird host health. Materials: Twenty-four domestic canaries were allocated to four groups: two groups were infected with parasites of a single genetic lineage, one group was infected with parasites of both genetic lineages, and one group was considered as the control group. Parasitemia, the number of polychromatophils, changes in body weight, and hemoglobin levels were all quantified up to 32 days post-infection. Results: Three birds infected with pSGS1 died within 20 days post-infection. The prepatent period and the peak of parasitemia did not differ significantly between groups. Differences in hemoglobin levels between the control and experimental groups were observed and there was an abnormal increase in the number of polychromatophils in infected birds. In all infected groups, correlations were detected between the number of polychromatophils and parasitemia (positive), and between the number of polychromatophils and hemoglobin levels (negative). Conclusion: This study shows that co-infection with two phylogenetically closely related <i>P. relictum</i> parasites does not alter overall parasitemia and does not cause higher virulence to the host.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/15/1879<i>Plasmodium relictum</i>avian malariaexperimentcanarymultiple infection |
| spellingShingle | Vaidas Palinauskas Rita Žiegytė Jakov Šengaut Rasa Bernotienė Experimental Study on Primary Bird Co-Infection with Two <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> Lineages—pSGS1 and pGRW11 Animals <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> avian malaria experiment canary multiple infection |
| title | Experimental Study on Primary Bird Co-Infection with Two <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> Lineages—pSGS1 and pGRW11 |
| title_full | Experimental Study on Primary Bird Co-Infection with Two <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> Lineages—pSGS1 and pGRW11 |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Study on Primary Bird Co-Infection with Two <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> Lineages—pSGS1 and pGRW11 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Study on Primary Bird Co-Infection with Two <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> Lineages—pSGS1 and pGRW11 |
| title_short | Experimental Study on Primary Bird Co-Infection with Two <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> Lineages—pSGS1 and pGRW11 |
| title_sort | experimental study on primary bird co infection with two i plasmodium relictum i lineages psgs1 and pgrw11 |
| topic | <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> avian malaria experiment canary multiple infection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/15/1879 |
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