The reporting of a Bacillus anthracis B-clade strain in South Africa after more than 20 years
Abstract Objectives Anthrax is a disease with an age old history in Africa caused by the Gram-positive endospore forming soil bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Epizootics of wild ungulates occur annually in the enzootic region of Pafuri, Kruger National Park (KNP) in the Limpopo Province of South Africa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-05-01
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| Series: | BMC Research Notes |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13104-018-3366-x |
| _version_ | 1811291566130593792 |
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| author | K. E. Lekota A. Hassim P. Rogers E. H. Dekker R. Last L. de Klerk-Lorist H. van Heerden |
| author_facet | K. E. Lekota A. Hassim P. Rogers E. H. Dekker R. Last L. de Klerk-Lorist H. van Heerden |
| author_sort | K. E. Lekota |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objectives Anthrax is a disease with an age old history in Africa caused by the Gram-positive endospore forming soil bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Epizootics of wild ungulates occur annually in the enzootic region of Pafuri, Kruger National Park (KNP) in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Rigorous routine surveillance and diagnostics in KNP, has not revealed these rare isolates since the 1990s, despite unabated annual outbreaks. In 2011 a cheetah was diagnosed as anthrax positive from a private game reserve in Limpopo Province and reported to State Veterinary Services for further investigation. Isolation, molecular diagnostics, whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics were carried out for B. anthracis KC2011. Results Bacteriological and molecular diagnostics confirmed the isolate as B. anthracis. Subsequent typing and whole genome single nucleotide polymorphisms analysis indicated it clustered alongside B. anthracis SA A0091 in the B.Br.010 SNP branch. Unlike B. anthracis KrugerB strain, KC2011 strain has unique SNPs and represents a new branch in the B-clade. The isolation and genotypic characterisation of KC2011 demonstrates a gap in the reporting of anthrax outbreaks in the greater Limpopo province area. The identification of vulnerable and susceptible cheetah mortalities due to this strain has implications for conservation measures and disease control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:31:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6221d7ab66eb4e1ba01b09cd0a09a2c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-0500 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:31:18Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Research Notes |
| spelling | doaj.art-6221d7ab66eb4e1ba01b09cd0a09a2c12022-12-22T03:02:19ZengBMCBMC Research Notes1756-05002018-05-011111710.1186/s13104-018-3366-xThe reporting of a Bacillus anthracis B-clade strain in South Africa after more than 20 yearsK. E. Lekota0A. Hassim1P. Rogers2E. H. Dekker3R. Last4L. de Klerk-Lorist5H. van Heerden6Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of PretoriaDepartment of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of PretoriaProvet Wildlife ServicesState Veterinary Services, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and FisheriesVetdiagnostix–Veterinary Pathology ServicesState Veterinary Services, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and FisheriesDepartment of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of PretoriaAbstract Objectives Anthrax is a disease with an age old history in Africa caused by the Gram-positive endospore forming soil bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Epizootics of wild ungulates occur annually in the enzootic region of Pafuri, Kruger National Park (KNP) in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Rigorous routine surveillance and diagnostics in KNP, has not revealed these rare isolates since the 1990s, despite unabated annual outbreaks. In 2011 a cheetah was diagnosed as anthrax positive from a private game reserve in Limpopo Province and reported to State Veterinary Services for further investigation. Isolation, molecular diagnostics, whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics were carried out for B. anthracis KC2011. Results Bacteriological and molecular diagnostics confirmed the isolate as B. anthracis. Subsequent typing and whole genome single nucleotide polymorphisms analysis indicated it clustered alongside B. anthracis SA A0091 in the B.Br.010 SNP branch. Unlike B. anthracis KrugerB strain, KC2011 strain has unique SNPs and represents a new branch in the B-clade. The isolation and genotypic characterisation of KC2011 demonstrates a gap in the reporting of anthrax outbreaks in the greater Limpopo province area. The identification of vulnerable and susceptible cheetah mortalities due to this strain has implications for conservation measures and disease control.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13104-018-3366-xBacillus anthracisWhole genome sequencing (WGS)Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) |
| spellingShingle | K. E. Lekota A. Hassim P. Rogers E. H. Dekker R. Last L. de Klerk-Lorist H. van Heerden The reporting of a Bacillus anthracis B-clade strain in South Africa after more than 20 years BMC Research Notes Bacillus anthracis Whole genome sequencing (WGS) Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) |
| title | The reporting of a Bacillus anthracis B-clade strain in South Africa after more than 20 years |
| title_full | The reporting of a Bacillus anthracis B-clade strain in South Africa after more than 20 years |
| title_fullStr | The reporting of a Bacillus anthracis B-clade strain in South Africa after more than 20 years |
| title_full_unstemmed | The reporting of a Bacillus anthracis B-clade strain in South Africa after more than 20 years |
| title_short | The reporting of a Bacillus anthracis B-clade strain in South Africa after more than 20 years |
| title_sort | reporting of a bacillus anthracis b clade strain in south africa after more than 20 years |
| topic | Bacillus anthracis Whole genome sequencing (WGS) Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13104-018-3366-x |
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