Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs
Dietary glutamic acid (GLU) is used as a feed additive because of its functional characteristics that may affect the growth performance and health of pigs. This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary GLU on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses, and intestin...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/2/504 |
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| author | Hyunjin Kyoung Jeong Jae Lee Jin Ho Cho Jeehwan Choe Joowon Kang Hanbae Lee Yanhong Liu Younghoon Kim Hyeun Bum Kim Minho Song |
| author_facet | Hyunjin Kyoung Jeong Jae Lee Jin Ho Cho Jeehwan Choe Joowon Kang Hanbae Lee Yanhong Liu Younghoon Kim Hyeun Bum Kim Minho Song |
| author_sort | Hyunjin Kyoung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dietary glutamic acid (GLU) is used as a feed additive because of its functional characteristics that may affect the growth performance and health of pigs. This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary GLU on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses, and intestinal health of weaned pigs. A total of ninety-six weaned pigs (8.07 ± 1.17 kg of body weight; 28 days of age) were assigned to two dietary treatments (8 pigs/pen; 6 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block: body weight): (1) a typical weaner diet (CON) and (2) CON supplemented with 0.5% GLU. The experimental period was for 4 weeks. All data and sample collections were performed at the specific time points during the experimental period. Pigs fed GLU had higher average daily gain and average daily feed intake for the first two weeks and nutrient digestibility than pigs fed CON. In addition, dietary GLU increased villus height to crypt depth ratio, number of goblet cells, and ileal gene expression of claudin family and occludin compared with CON, but decreased serum TNF-α and IL-6 and ileal gene expression of TNF-α. Moreover, pigs fed GLU had increased relative composition of bacterial communities of genus <em>Prevotella</em> and <em>Anaerovibrio</em> and decreased genus <em>Clostridium</em> and <em>Terrisporobacter</em> compared with those fed CON. This study suggests that dietary GLU influences growth performance and health of weaned pigs by modulating nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, ileal gene expression of tight junction proteins and cytokines, immune responses, and microbial community in the gut. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:51:27Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:51:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-62254cdc5ed94c6d9f2d72b0017b41222023-12-11T17:08:24ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-02-0111250410.3390/ani11020504Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned PigsHyunjin Kyoung0Jeong Jae Lee1Jin Ho Cho2Jeehwan Choe3Joowon Kang4Hanbae Lee5Yanhong Liu6Younghoon Kim7Hyeun Bum Kim8Minho Song9Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaDivision of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaDivision of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, KoreaDepartment of Beef Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, KoreaDivision of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaPathway Intermediates, Seoul 06253, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, KoreaDepartment of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, KoreaDivision of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaDietary glutamic acid (GLU) is used as a feed additive because of its functional characteristics that may affect the growth performance and health of pigs. This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary GLU on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses, and intestinal health of weaned pigs. A total of ninety-six weaned pigs (8.07 ± 1.17 kg of body weight; 28 days of age) were assigned to two dietary treatments (8 pigs/pen; 6 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block: body weight): (1) a typical weaner diet (CON) and (2) CON supplemented with 0.5% GLU. The experimental period was for 4 weeks. All data and sample collections were performed at the specific time points during the experimental period. Pigs fed GLU had higher average daily gain and average daily feed intake for the first two weeks and nutrient digestibility than pigs fed CON. In addition, dietary GLU increased villus height to crypt depth ratio, number of goblet cells, and ileal gene expression of claudin family and occludin compared with CON, but decreased serum TNF-α and IL-6 and ileal gene expression of TNF-α. Moreover, pigs fed GLU had increased relative composition of bacterial communities of genus <em>Prevotella</em> and <em>Anaerovibrio</em> and decreased genus <em>Clostridium</em> and <em>Terrisporobacter</em> compared with those fed CON. This study suggests that dietary GLU influences growth performance and health of weaned pigs by modulating nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, ileal gene expression of tight junction proteins and cytokines, immune responses, and microbial community in the gut.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/2/504glutamic acidgut microbiotaileal gene expressionimmune responsesintestinal morphologynutrient digestibility |
| spellingShingle | Hyunjin Kyoung Jeong Jae Lee Jin Ho Cho Jeehwan Choe Joowon Kang Hanbae Lee Yanhong Liu Younghoon Kim Hyeun Bum Kim Minho Song Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs Animals glutamic acid gut microbiota ileal gene expression immune responses intestinal morphology nutrient digestibility |
| title | Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs |
| title_full | Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs |
| title_fullStr | Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs |
| title_short | Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs |
| title_sort | dietary glutamic acid modulates immune responses and gut health of weaned pigs |
| topic | glutamic acid gut microbiota ileal gene expression immune responses intestinal morphology nutrient digestibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/2/504 |
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