Green Nanoemulsion Stabilized by In Situ Self-Assembled Natural Oil/Native Cyclodextrin Complexes: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Enhancing Anticancer Activity of Costunolide against Lung Cancer Cells
Lung cancer is the second-most deadly malignancy worldwide, of which smoking is considered a major risk factor and causes 75–80% of lung cancer-related deaths. Costunolide (CTD) extracted from plant species <i>Saussurea, Aucklandia, and Inula</i> exhibits potent anticancer properties, sp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/2/227 |
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| author | Nabil A. Alhakamy Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin Osama A. A. Ahmed Hibah M. Aldawsari Solomon Z. Okbazghi Mohamed A. Alfaleh Wesam H. Abdulaal Thikryat Neamatallah Omar D. Al-hejaili Usama A. Fahmy |
| author_facet | Nabil A. Alhakamy Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin Osama A. A. Ahmed Hibah M. Aldawsari Solomon Z. Okbazghi Mohamed A. Alfaleh Wesam H. Abdulaal Thikryat Neamatallah Omar D. Al-hejaili Usama A. Fahmy |
| author_sort | Nabil A. Alhakamy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lung cancer is the second-most deadly malignancy worldwide, of which smoking is considered a major risk factor and causes 75–80% of lung cancer-related deaths. Costunolide (CTD) extracted from plant species <i>Saussurea, Aucklandia, and Inula</i> exhibits potent anticancer properties, specifically in lung cancer and leukemia. Several nanoemulsions were prepared and optimized using a three-factor Box–Behnken experimental design. The optimized green nanoemulsion (GNE) showed a vesicle size of 199.56 nm. The IC<sub>50</sub> values revealed that A549 cells were significantly more sensitive to the optimized CTD formula than the plain formula and raw CTD. A cell cycle analysis revealed that the optimized CTD formula treatment resulted in significant cell cycle arrest at the S phase. The results also indicated that treatment with the CTD formula significantly increased caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and p53 mRNA expression compared to the plain formula and CTD raw. In terms of the inflammatory markers, the optimized formula significantly reduced the activity of TNF-α and NF-κB in comparison with the plain formula and raw drug only. Overall, the findings from the study proved that a CTD GNE formulation could be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of lung cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:14:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-622a087c09e54e2c8aac6597a0779a41 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:14:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-622a087c09e54e2c8aac6597a0779a412023-11-23T21:35:46ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-01-0114222710.3390/pharmaceutics14020227Green Nanoemulsion Stabilized by In Situ Self-Assembled Natural Oil/Native Cyclodextrin Complexes: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Enhancing Anticancer Activity of Costunolide against Lung Cancer CellsNabil A. Alhakamy0Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin1Osama A. A. Ahmed2Hibah M. Aldawsari3Solomon Z. Okbazghi4Mohamed A. Alfaleh5Wesam H. Abdulaal6Thikryat Neamatallah7Omar D. Al-hejaili8Usama A. Fahmy9Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaGlobal Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT 06510, USADepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaLung cancer is the second-most deadly malignancy worldwide, of which smoking is considered a major risk factor and causes 75–80% of lung cancer-related deaths. Costunolide (CTD) extracted from plant species <i>Saussurea, Aucklandia, and Inula</i> exhibits potent anticancer properties, specifically in lung cancer and leukemia. Several nanoemulsions were prepared and optimized using a three-factor Box–Behnken experimental design. The optimized green nanoemulsion (GNE) showed a vesicle size of 199.56 nm. The IC<sub>50</sub> values revealed that A549 cells were significantly more sensitive to the optimized CTD formula than the plain formula and raw CTD. A cell cycle analysis revealed that the optimized CTD formula treatment resulted in significant cell cycle arrest at the S phase. The results also indicated that treatment with the CTD formula significantly increased caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and p53 mRNA expression compared to the plain formula and CTD raw. In terms of the inflammatory markers, the optimized formula significantly reduced the activity of TNF-α and NF-κB in comparison with the plain formula and raw drug only. Overall, the findings from the study proved that a CTD GNE formulation could be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of lung cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/2/227ecofriendlynanoparticleslung cancervenomscytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Nabil A. Alhakamy Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin Osama A. A. Ahmed Hibah M. Aldawsari Solomon Z. Okbazghi Mohamed A. Alfaleh Wesam H. Abdulaal Thikryat Neamatallah Omar D. Al-hejaili Usama A. Fahmy Green Nanoemulsion Stabilized by In Situ Self-Assembled Natural Oil/Native Cyclodextrin Complexes: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Enhancing Anticancer Activity of Costunolide against Lung Cancer Cells Pharmaceutics ecofriendly nanoparticles lung cancer venoms cytotoxicity |
| title | Green Nanoemulsion Stabilized by In Situ Self-Assembled Natural Oil/Native Cyclodextrin Complexes: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Enhancing Anticancer Activity of Costunolide against Lung Cancer Cells |
| title_full | Green Nanoemulsion Stabilized by In Situ Self-Assembled Natural Oil/Native Cyclodextrin Complexes: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Enhancing Anticancer Activity of Costunolide against Lung Cancer Cells |
| title_fullStr | Green Nanoemulsion Stabilized by In Situ Self-Assembled Natural Oil/Native Cyclodextrin Complexes: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Enhancing Anticancer Activity of Costunolide against Lung Cancer Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green Nanoemulsion Stabilized by In Situ Self-Assembled Natural Oil/Native Cyclodextrin Complexes: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Enhancing Anticancer Activity of Costunolide against Lung Cancer Cells |
| title_short | Green Nanoemulsion Stabilized by In Situ Self-Assembled Natural Oil/Native Cyclodextrin Complexes: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Enhancing Anticancer Activity of Costunolide against Lung Cancer Cells |
| title_sort | green nanoemulsion stabilized by in situ self assembled natural oil native cyclodextrin complexes an eco friendly approach for enhancing anticancer activity of costunolide against lung cancer cells |
| topic | ecofriendly nanoparticles lung cancer venoms cytotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/2/227 |
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