Quantification of <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> Blooms along the South Coast of Korea Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery
The red tide bloom-forming dinoflagellate <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> is well known for its harmful effects on marine organisms, and for killing fish in aquaculture cages via gill clogging at a high cell abundance. To minimize the damage caused by red tide blooms, it is essentia...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2463 |
| _version_ | 1797560689303224320 |
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| author | Jisun Shin Soo Mee Kim Keunyong Kim Joo-Hyung Ryu |
| author_facet | Jisun Shin Soo Mee Kim Keunyong Kim Joo-Hyung Ryu |
| author_sort | Jisun Shin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The red tide bloom-forming dinoflagellate <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> is well known for its harmful effects on marine organisms, and for killing fish in aquaculture cages via gill clogging at a high cell abundance. To minimize the damage caused by red tide blooms, it is essential to understand their detailed spatial distribution with high accuracy. Airborne hyperspectral imagery (HSI) is useful for quantifying red tide cell abundance because it provides substantial information on optical features related to red tide species. However, because published red tide indexes were developed for multichannel ocean color sensors, there are some limitations to applying them directly to HSI. In this study, we propose a new index for quantifying <i>M</i>. <i>polykrikoides</i> blooms along the south coast of Korea and generate a <i>M</i>. <i>polykrikoides</i> cell abundance map using HSI. A new index for estimating cell abundance was proposed using the pairs of <i>M</i>. <i>polykrikoides</i> cell abundances and in situ spectra. After optimization of the published red tide indexes and band correlation analyses, the green-to-fluorescence ratio (GFR) index was proposed based on red tide spectral characteristics. The GFR index was computed from the green (524 and 583 nm) and fluorescence wavelength bands (666 and 698 nm) and converted into red tide cell abundance using a second-order polynomial regression model. The newly proposed GFR index showed the best performance, with a coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.52, root mean squared error (RMSE) of 877.98 cells mL<sup>−1</sup>, and mean bias error (MBE) of −18.42 cells mL<sup>−1</sup>, when applied to atmospherically corrected HSI. The <i>M</i>. <i>polykrikoides</i> cell abundance map generated from the GFR index provides precise spatial distribution information and allowed us to estimate a wide range of cell abundance up to 5000 cells mL<sup>−1</sup>. This study indicates the potential of the GFR index for quantifying <i>M</i>. <i>polykrikoides</i> cell abundance from HSI with a reasonably high level of accuracy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:03:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-622e2d931ed940bb889b4fee37e15ef3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:03:07Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-622e2d931ed940bb889b4fee37e15ef32023-11-20T08:40:26ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922020-07-011215246310.3390/rs12152463Quantification of <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> Blooms along the South Coast of Korea Using Airborne Hyperspectral ImageryJisun Shin0Soo Mee Kim1Keunyong Kim2Joo-Hyung Ryu3Korea Ocean Satellite Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), 385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, KoreaMaritime ICT R&D Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), 385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, KoreaKorea Ocean Satellite Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), 385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, KoreaKorea Ocean Satellite Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), 385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, KoreaThe red tide bloom-forming dinoflagellate <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> is well known for its harmful effects on marine organisms, and for killing fish in aquaculture cages via gill clogging at a high cell abundance. To minimize the damage caused by red tide blooms, it is essential to understand their detailed spatial distribution with high accuracy. Airborne hyperspectral imagery (HSI) is useful for quantifying red tide cell abundance because it provides substantial information on optical features related to red tide species. However, because published red tide indexes were developed for multichannel ocean color sensors, there are some limitations to applying them directly to HSI. In this study, we propose a new index for quantifying <i>M</i>. <i>polykrikoides</i> blooms along the south coast of Korea and generate a <i>M</i>. <i>polykrikoides</i> cell abundance map using HSI. A new index for estimating cell abundance was proposed using the pairs of <i>M</i>. <i>polykrikoides</i> cell abundances and in situ spectra. After optimization of the published red tide indexes and band correlation analyses, the green-to-fluorescence ratio (GFR) index was proposed based on red tide spectral characteristics. The GFR index was computed from the green (524 and 583 nm) and fluorescence wavelength bands (666 and 698 nm) and converted into red tide cell abundance using a second-order polynomial regression model. The newly proposed GFR index showed the best performance, with a coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.52, root mean squared error (RMSE) of 877.98 cells mL<sup>−1</sup>, and mean bias error (MBE) of −18.42 cells mL<sup>−1</sup>, when applied to atmospherically corrected HSI. The <i>M</i>. <i>polykrikoides</i> cell abundance map generated from the GFR index provides precise spatial distribution information and allowed us to estimate a wide range of cell abundance up to 5000 cells mL<sup>−1</sup>. This study indicates the potential of the GFR index for quantifying <i>M</i>. <i>polykrikoides</i> cell abundance from HSI with a reasonably high level of accuracy.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2463<i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i>red tide cell abundancethe south coast of Koreahyperspectral imagery |
| spellingShingle | Jisun Shin Soo Mee Kim Keunyong Kim Joo-Hyung Ryu Quantification of <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> Blooms along the South Coast of Korea Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery Remote Sensing <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> red tide cell abundance the south coast of Korea hyperspectral imagery |
| title | Quantification of <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> Blooms along the South Coast of Korea Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery |
| title_full | Quantification of <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> Blooms along the South Coast of Korea Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery |
| title_fullStr | Quantification of <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> Blooms along the South Coast of Korea Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantification of <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> Blooms along the South Coast of Korea Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery |
| title_short | Quantification of <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> Blooms along the South Coast of Korea Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery |
| title_sort | quantification of i margalefidinium polykrikoides i blooms along the south coast of korea using airborne hyperspectral imagery |
| topic | <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> red tide cell abundance the south coast of Korea hyperspectral imagery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2463 |
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