Preparation, Characterization and Tailoring Properties of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Composites with the Addition of Functional Halloysite–Lignin Hybrid Materials
In this article, halloysite–lignin hybrid materials (HL) were designed and obtained. The weak hydrogen bonds found between the components were determined based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proving the achievement of class I hybrid systems. The HL systems were characterized by v...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/22/8102 |
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| author | Jolanta Tomaszewska Martina Wieczorek Katarzyna Skórczewska Izabela Klapiszewska Krzysztof Lewandowski Łukasz Klapiszewski |
| author_facet | Jolanta Tomaszewska Martina Wieczorek Katarzyna Skórczewska Izabela Klapiszewska Krzysztof Lewandowski Łukasz Klapiszewski |
| author_sort | Jolanta Tomaszewska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this article, halloysite–lignin hybrid materials (HL) were designed and obtained. The weak hydrogen bonds found between the components were determined based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proving the achievement of class I hybrid systems. The HL systems were characterized by very good thermal stability and relatively good homogeneity, which increased as the proportion of the inorganic part increased. This was confirmed by analyzing scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and assessing particle size distributions and polydispersity indexes. Processing rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with HL systems with a content of up to 10 wt% in a Brabender torque rheometer allowed us to obtain composites with a relatively homogeneous structure confirmed by SEM observations; simultaneously, a reduction in the fusion time was noted. An improvement in PVC thermal stability of approximately 40 °C for composites with HL with a ratio of 1:5 wt/wt was noted. Regardless of the concentration of the HL system, PVC composites exhibited inconsiderably higher Young’s modulus, but the incorporation of 2.5 wt% of fillers increased Charpy impact strength by 5–8 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> and doubled elongation at break. This study demonstrated that favorable mechanical properties of PVC composites can be achieved, especially with an HL system with a ratio of 5:1 wt/wt. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:11:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-622e5c164b154476baced6518218d80f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:11:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-622e5c164b154476baced6518218d80f2023-11-24T09:04:13ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-11-011522810210.3390/ma15228102Preparation, Characterization and Tailoring Properties of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Composites with the Addition of Functional Halloysite–Lignin Hybrid MaterialsJolanta Tomaszewska0Martina Wieczorek1Katarzyna Skórczewska2Izabela Klapiszewska3Krzysztof Lewandowski4Łukasz Klapiszewski5Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, PL-85326 Bydgoszcz, PolandFaculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, PL-85326 Bydgoszcz, PolandFaculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, PL-85326 Bydgoszcz, PolandFaculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, PL-60965 Poznan, PolandFaculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, PL-85326 Bydgoszcz, PolandFaculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, PL-60965 Poznan, PolandIn this article, halloysite–lignin hybrid materials (HL) were designed and obtained. The weak hydrogen bonds found between the components were determined based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proving the achievement of class I hybrid systems. The HL systems were characterized by very good thermal stability and relatively good homogeneity, which increased as the proportion of the inorganic part increased. This was confirmed by analyzing scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and assessing particle size distributions and polydispersity indexes. Processing rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with HL systems with a content of up to 10 wt% in a Brabender torque rheometer allowed us to obtain composites with a relatively homogeneous structure confirmed by SEM observations; simultaneously, a reduction in the fusion time was noted. An improvement in PVC thermal stability of approximately 40 °C for composites with HL with a ratio of 1:5 wt/wt was noted. Regardless of the concentration of the HL system, PVC composites exhibited inconsiderably higher Young’s modulus, but the incorporation of 2.5 wt% of fillers increased Charpy impact strength by 5–8 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> and doubled elongation at break. This study demonstrated that favorable mechanical properties of PVC composites can be achieved, especially with an HL system with a ratio of 5:1 wt/wt.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/22/8102poly(vinyl chloride)halloysite–lignin hybrid fillersstructural and physicochemical characteristicsthermal and mechanical properties |
| spellingShingle | Jolanta Tomaszewska Martina Wieczorek Katarzyna Skórczewska Izabela Klapiszewska Krzysztof Lewandowski Łukasz Klapiszewski Preparation, Characterization and Tailoring Properties of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Composites with the Addition of Functional Halloysite–Lignin Hybrid Materials Materials poly(vinyl chloride) halloysite–lignin hybrid fillers structural and physicochemical characteristics thermal and mechanical properties |
| title | Preparation, Characterization and Tailoring Properties of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Composites with the Addition of Functional Halloysite–Lignin Hybrid Materials |
| title_full | Preparation, Characterization and Tailoring Properties of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Composites with the Addition of Functional Halloysite–Lignin Hybrid Materials |
| title_fullStr | Preparation, Characterization and Tailoring Properties of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Composites with the Addition of Functional Halloysite–Lignin Hybrid Materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation, Characterization and Tailoring Properties of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Composites with the Addition of Functional Halloysite–Lignin Hybrid Materials |
| title_short | Preparation, Characterization and Tailoring Properties of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Composites with the Addition of Functional Halloysite–Lignin Hybrid Materials |
| title_sort | preparation characterization and tailoring properties of poly vinyl chloride composites with the addition of functional halloysite lignin hybrid materials |
| topic | poly(vinyl chloride) halloysite–lignin hybrid fillers structural and physicochemical characteristics thermal and mechanical properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/22/8102 |
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