Testing a Benchtop Wet-Milling Method for Preparing Nanoparticles and Suspensions as Hospital Formulations
In clinical practice, for elderly or pediatric patients who have difficulty swallowing, solid dosage forms such as tablets or capsules are crushed or unsealed, prepared as powder forms, and often administered as suspensions. However, because their dispersibility is poor, aggregation or precipitation...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/4/482 |
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| author | Yayoi Kawano Yuichiro Shimizu Takehisa Hanawa |
| author_facet | Yayoi Kawano Yuichiro Shimizu Takehisa Hanawa |
| author_sort | Yayoi Kawano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In clinical practice, for elderly or pediatric patients who have difficulty swallowing, solid dosage forms such as tablets or capsules are crushed or unsealed, prepared as powder forms, and often administered as suspensions. However, because their dispersibility is poor, aggregation or precipitation occurs readily. Once precipitation and deposition happen, redispersion is difficult, which can limit patient and caretaker drug adherence. In this study, we attempted to prepare nanoparticles as a hospital formulation by a benchtop wet-milling method to obtain a suspension with high dispersibility. This is the first study to apply the wet-milling method to prepare the hospital formulation. We chose cefditoren pivoxil (CDTR-PI) as an experimental active pharmaceutical ingredient. CDTR-PI crystals were physically mixed with various water-soluble polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, hydroxypropyl cellulose, or hypromellose and wet-milled with a surface-active agent (sodium lauryl sulfate) under different conditions. The mean particle diameter of most of the samples was less than 200 nm. In FTIR spectra of ground samples, peak shifts suggesting inter- or intramolecular interactions between CDTR-PI and the other additive agents were not observed. Besides, the nanoparticle suspension had favorable dispersibility, as determined using a dispersion stability analyzer. Providing a suspension with high dispersibility makes dispense with the resuspension, the patient’s medication adherence would improve. These results show that suspended liquid formulations of active pharmaceutical ingredients could be obtained by the simple wet-milling method as hospital formulations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:40:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6238995b41c545e78d9392dd71a478ef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:40:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-6238995b41c545e78d9392dd71a478ef2023-11-21T13:56:16ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232021-04-0113448210.3390/pharmaceutics13040482Testing a Benchtop Wet-Milling Method for Preparing Nanoparticles and Suspensions as Hospital FormulationsYayoi Kawano0Yuichiro Shimizu1Takehisa Hanawa2Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, JapanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, JapanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, JapanIn clinical practice, for elderly or pediatric patients who have difficulty swallowing, solid dosage forms such as tablets or capsules are crushed or unsealed, prepared as powder forms, and often administered as suspensions. However, because their dispersibility is poor, aggregation or precipitation occurs readily. Once precipitation and deposition happen, redispersion is difficult, which can limit patient and caretaker drug adherence. In this study, we attempted to prepare nanoparticles as a hospital formulation by a benchtop wet-milling method to obtain a suspension with high dispersibility. This is the first study to apply the wet-milling method to prepare the hospital formulation. We chose cefditoren pivoxil (CDTR-PI) as an experimental active pharmaceutical ingredient. CDTR-PI crystals were physically mixed with various water-soluble polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, hydroxypropyl cellulose, or hypromellose and wet-milled with a surface-active agent (sodium lauryl sulfate) under different conditions. The mean particle diameter of most of the samples was less than 200 nm. In FTIR spectra of ground samples, peak shifts suggesting inter- or intramolecular interactions between CDTR-PI and the other additive agents were not observed. Besides, the nanoparticle suspension had favorable dispersibility, as determined using a dispersion stability analyzer. Providing a suspension with high dispersibility makes dispense with the resuspension, the patient’s medication adherence would improve. These results show that suspended liquid formulations of active pharmaceutical ingredients could be obtained by the simple wet-milling method as hospital formulations.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/4/482hospital formulationcefditoren pivoxilternary ground mixturedispersibilitynanoparticlewet-milling technique |
| spellingShingle | Yayoi Kawano Yuichiro Shimizu Takehisa Hanawa Testing a Benchtop Wet-Milling Method for Preparing Nanoparticles and Suspensions as Hospital Formulations Pharmaceutics hospital formulation cefditoren pivoxil ternary ground mixture dispersibility nanoparticle wet-milling technique |
| title | Testing a Benchtop Wet-Milling Method for Preparing Nanoparticles and Suspensions as Hospital Formulations |
| title_full | Testing a Benchtop Wet-Milling Method for Preparing Nanoparticles and Suspensions as Hospital Formulations |
| title_fullStr | Testing a Benchtop Wet-Milling Method for Preparing Nanoparticles and Suspensions as Hospital Formulations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Testing a Benchtop Wet-Milling Method for Preparing Nanoparticles and Suspensions as Hospital Formulations |
| title_short | Testing a Benchtop Wet-Milling Method for Preparing Nanoparticles and Suspensions as Hospital Formulations |
| title_sort | testing a benchtop wet milling method for preparing nanoparticles and suspensions as hospital formulations |
| topic | hospital formulation cefditoren pivoxil ternary ground mixture dispersibility nanoparticle wet-milling technique |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/4/482 |
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