Proline Protects Boar Sperm against Oxidative Stress through Proline Dehydrogenase-Mediated Metabolism and the Amine Structure of Pyrrolidine
Proline was reported to improve sperm quality in rams, stallions, cynomolgus monkeys, donkeys, and canines during cryopreservation. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of proline on boar semen during liquid storage at 17 °C and explo...
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/9/1549 |
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| author | Chengwen Feng Zhendong Zhu Wenjing Bai Rongnan Li Yi Zheng Xiu’e Tian De Wu Hongzhao Lu Yongjun Wang Wenxian Zeng |
| author_facet | Chengwen Feng Zhendong Zhu Wenjing Bai Rongnan Li Yi Zheng Xiu’e Tian De Wu Hongzhao Lu Yongjun Wang Wenxian Zeng |
| author_sort | Chengwen Feng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Proline was reported to improve sperm quality in rams, stallions, cynomolgus monkeys, donkeys, and canines during cryopreservation. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of proline on boar semen during liquid storage at 17 °C and explore the underlying mechanism. Freshly ejaculated boar semen was supplemented with different concentrations of proline (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 mM) and stored at 17 °C for nine days. Sperm motility patterns, membrane integrity, ATP (adenosine triphosphate), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and GSH (glutathione) levels, and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated after storage for up to five days. It was observed that boar sperm quality gradually decreased with the extension of storage time, while the ROS levels increased. Addition of 75 mM proline not only significantly improved sperm membrane integrity, motility, and ATP levels but also maintained the redox homeostasis via increasing the GSH levels and activities of CAT and SOD. When hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) was used to induce oxidative stress, addition of proline significantly improved sperm quality and reduced ROS levels. Moreover, addition of proline also improved sperm quality during the rapid cooling process. Notably, addition of DL-PCA (DL-pipecolinic acid) rescued the reduction of progressive motility and total motility caused by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and THFA (tetrahydro-2-furoic acid) failed to provide protection. Furthermore, addition of proline at 75 mM increased the activity of proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and attenuated the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced reduction in progressive motility. These data demonstrate that proline protects sperm against oxidative stress through the secondary amine structure and proline dehydrogenase-mediated metabolism. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:38:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-6239af8a057a4020a881b9d8784b559a2023-11-20T12:13:16ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-09-01109154910.3390/ani10091549Proline Protects Boar Sperm against Oxidative Stress through Proline Dehydrogenase-Mediated Metabolism and the Amine Structure of PyrrolidineChengwen Feng0Zhendong Zhu1Wenjing Bai2Rongnan Li3Yi Zheng4Xiu’e Tian5De Wu6Hongzhao Lu7Yongjun Wang8Wenxian Zeng9Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, ChinaCollege of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, Shaanxi, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaProline was reported to improve sperm quality in rams, stallions, cynomolgus monkeys, donkeys, and canines during cryopreservation. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of proline on boar semen during liquid storage at 17 °C and explore the underlying mechanism. Freshly ejaculated boar semen was supplemented with different concentrations of proline (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 mM) and stored at 17 °C for nine days. Sperm motility patterns, membrane integrity, ATP (adenosine triphosphate), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and GSH (glutathione) levels, and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated after storage for up to five days. It was observed that boar sperm quality gradually decreased with the extension of storage time, while the ROS levels increased. Addition of 75 mM proline not only significantly improved sperm membrane integrity, motility, and ATP levels but also maintained the redox homeostasis via increasing the GSH levels and activities of CAT and SOD. When hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) was used to induce oxidative stress, addition of proline significantly improved sperm quality and reduced ROS levels. Moreover, addition of proline also improved sperm quality during the rapid cooling process. Notably, addition of DL-PCA (DL-pipecolinic acid) rescued the reduction of progressive motility and total motility caused by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and THFA (tetrahydro-2-furoic acid) failed to provide protection. Furthermore, addition of proline at 75 mM increased the activity of proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and attenuated the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced reduction in progressive motility. These data demonstrate that proline protects sperm against oxidative stress through the secondary amine structure and proline dehydrogenase-mediated metabolism.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/9/1549prolineROSsecondary aminePRODHboar semen |
| spellingShingle | Chengwen Feng Zhendong Zhu Wenjing Bai Rongnan Li Yi Zheng Xiu’e Tian De Wu Hongzhao Lu Yongjun Wang Wenxian Zeng Proline Protects Boar Sperm against Oxidative Stress through Proline Dehydrogenase-Mediated Metabolism and the Amine Structure of Pyrrolidine Animals proline ROS secondary amine PRODH boar semen |
| title | Proline Protects Boar Sperm against Oxidative Stress through Proline Dehydrogenase-Mediated Metabolism and the Amine Structure of Pyrrolidine |
| title_full | Proline Protects Boar Sperm against Oxidative Stress through Proline Dehydrogenase-Mediated Metabolism and the Amine Structure of Pyrrolidine |
| title_fullStr | Proline Protects Boar Sperm against Oxidative Stress through Proline Dehydrogenase-Mediated Metabolism and the Amine Structure of Pyrrolidine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Proline Protects Boar Sperm against Oxidative Stress through Proline Dehydrogenase-Mediated Metabolism and the Amine Structure of Pyrrolidine |
| title_short | Proline Protects Boar Sperm against Oxidative Stress through Proline Dehydrogenase-Mediated Metabolism and the Amine Structure of Pyrrolidine |
| title_sort | proline protects boar sperm against oxidative stress through proline dehydrogenase mediated metabolism and the amine structure of pyrrolidine |
| topic | proline ROS secondary amine PRODH boar semen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/9/1549 |
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