Smallholder farmers’ vulnerability and adaptation to climate change induced shocks: The case of Northern Ethiopia highlands
This study was initiated to analyze smallholder farmers’ vulnerability to climate change-induced shocks and identify the adaptation strategies they practice. The study was conducted in the North Wollo and Wag Hemra zones of the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. It employed both qualitative and quanti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Agriculture and Food Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266615432200045X |
| _version_ | 1817980356503011328 |
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| author | Daniel Assefa Tofu Teshale Woldeamanuel Firafis Haile |
| author_facet | Daniel Assefa Tofu Teshale Woldeamanuel Firafis Haile |
| author_sort | Daniel Assefa Tofu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study was initiated to analyze smallholder farmers’ vulnerability to climate change-induced shocks and identify the adaptation strategies they practice. The study was conducted in the North Wollo and Wag Hemra zones of the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. It employed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. The zones and districts were selected purposively based on the frequency of shocks and the sample Kebeles1 and sample respondents were selected randomly. Quantitative data were collected using a household survey, whereas qualitative data were collected via focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. While the quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the qualitative data were transcribed, coded, organized thematically based on these similarities, and interpreted thematically. The results show that the major climate change-induced shocks in the area were increase in temperature and changes in rainfall-related variables, such as shifts in rainy periods, shortages of rain, and variability of rainfall. In addition, droughts, crop and livestock pests and diseases, and pasture and water scarcity are all widespread in the area. As a result, land degradation and reduced crop and livestock output were identified as the primary impacts due to climate change-induced shocks on smallholder livelihoods. The findings demonstrate that households and communities are extremely vulnerable to climate change-related shocks. To reduce their vulnerability to climate change, smallholder farmers in the area used both autonomous and policy-driven climate change adaptation strategies, such as soil and water conservation practices, haystack preparation, improved crop varieties, fertilizer, pesticide, and herbicide application. Nonetheless, smallholder farmers' vulnerability to climate change-induced shocks persists, owing to the limitations in the implementation of existing adaptation strategies in the area. Limited access to finance, information, and technologies have all been an obstacle in the sector, preventing comprehensive adaptation to climate change. As a result, smallholder farmers' capacity to adopt both autonomous and policy-driven climate change adaptation strategies must be strengthened. Hence use of improved crop and livestock varieties, application of good agricultural practices, construction of micro-and small-scale irrigation structures, and provision of well-coordinated early warning systems are examples of adaptation strategies that could be implemented to reduce vulnerability to climate change-induced shocks and increase farmers' adaptive capacity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:52:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6244f24193f54c8abdc1c9696efc9ee9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-1543 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:52:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Agriculture and Food Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-6244f24193f54c8abdc1c9696efc9ee92022-12-22T02:26:06ZengElsevierJournal of Agriculture and Food Research2666-15432022-06-018100312Smallholder farmers’ vulnerability and adaptation to climate change induced shocks: The case of Northern Ethiopia highlandsDaniel Assefa Tofu0Teshale Woldeamanuel1Firafis Haile2School of Natural Resources, Ambo University, Ethiopia; Corresponding author.Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, EthiopiaSchool of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Ambo University, EthiopiaThis study was initiated to analyze smallholder farmers’ vulnerability to climate change-induced shocks and identify the adaptation strategies they practice. The study was conducted in the North Wollo and Wag Hemra zones of the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. It employed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. The zones and districts were selected purposively based on the frequency of shocks and the sample Kebeles1 and sample respondents were selected randomly. Quantitative data were collected using a household survey, whereas qualitative data were collected via focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. While the quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the qualitative data were transcribed, coded, organized thematically based on these similarities, and interpreted thematically. The results show that the major climate change-induced shocks in the area were increase in temperature and changes in rainfall-related variables, such as shifts in rainy periods, shortages of rain, and variability of rainfall. In addition, droughts, crop and livestock pests and diseases, and pasture and water scarcity are all widespread in the area. As a result, land degradation and reduced crop and livestock output were identified as the primary impacts due to climate change-induced shocks on smallholder livelihoods. The findings demonstrate that households and communities are extremely vulnerable to climate change-related shocks. To reduce their vulnerability to climate change, smallholder farmers in the area used both autonomous and policy-driven climate change adaptation strategies, such as soil and water conservation practices, haystack preparation, improved crop varieties, fertilizer, pesticide, and herbicide application. Nonetheless, smallholder farmers' vulnerability to climate change-induced shocks persists, owing to the limitations in the implementation of existing adaptation strategies in the area. Limited access to finance, information, and technologies have all been an obstacle in the sector, preventing comprehensive adaptation to climate change. As a result, smallholder farmers' capacity to adopt both autonomous and policy-driven climate change adaptation strategies must be strengthened. Hence use of improved crop and livestock varieties, application of good agricultural practices, construction of micro-and small-scale irrigation structures, and provision of well-coordinated early warning systems are examples of adaptation strategies that could be implemented to reduce vulnerability to climate change-induced shocks and increase farmers' adaptive capacity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266615432200045XAdaptationClimate changeDroughtShocksVulnerability |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Assefa Tofu Teshale Woldeamanuel Firafis Haile Smallholder farmers’ vulnerability and adaptation to climate change induced shocks: The case of Northern Ethiopia highlands Journal of Agriculture and Food Research Adaptation Climate change Drought Shocks Vulnerability |
| title | Smallholder farmers’ vulnerability and adaptation to climate change induced shocks: The case of Northern Ethiopia highlands |
| title_full | Smallholder farmers’ vulnerability and adaptation to climate change induced shocks: The case of Northern Ethiopia highlands |
| title_fullStr | Smallholder farmers’ vulnerability and adaptation to climate change induced shocks: The case of Northern Ethiopia highlands |
| title_full_unstemmed | Smallholder farmers’ vulnerability and adaptation to climate change induced shocks: The case of Northern Ethiopia highlands |
| title_short | Smallholder farmers’ vulnerability and adaptation to climate change induced shocks: The case of Northern Ethiopia highlands |
| title_sort | smallholder farmers vulnerability and adaptation to climate change induced shocks the case of northern ethiopia highlands |
| topic | Adaptation Climate change Drought Shocks Vulnerability |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266615432200045X |
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