Viral Genotypes and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India
<b>Objective</b> This study aims to investigate the etiological relationship among hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and alcohol as risk factors in a cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients from India. The clinical and biochemical profiles and tumor characterist...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
China Anti-Cancer Association
2012-09-01
|
| Series: | Cancer Biology & Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.cancerbiomed.org/index.php/cocr/article/view/121 |
| _version_ | 1819238354627067904 |
|---|---|
| author | Manash Pratim Sarma Mohammad Asim Subhash Medhi Thayumanavan Bharathi Richa Diwan Premashis Kar |
| author_facet | Manash Pratim Sarma Mohammad Asim Subhash Medhi Thayumanavan Bharathi Richa Diwan Premashis Kar |
| author_sort | Manash Pratim Sarma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Objective</b> This study aims to investigate the etiological relationship among hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and alcohol as risk factors in a cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients from India. The clinical and biochemical profiles and tumor characteristics in the HCC cases were also evaluated.<br><b>Methods</b> A total of 357 consecutive cases of HCC fulfilling the diagnostic criteria from the Barcelona–2000 EASL conference were included in the study. The blood samples were evaluated for serological evidence of HBV and HCV infection, viral load, and genotypes using serological tests, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and restriction fragment length polymorphism.<br><b>Results</b> The male/female ratio for the HCC cases was 5.87:1. Majority of the HCC patients (33.9%) were 50 to 59 years of age, with a mean age of 4±13.23 years. More than half the cases (60.8%) had underlying cirrhosis at presentation. Among the HCC patients, 68.9% were HBV related, 21.3% were HCV related, 18.8% were alcoholic, and 18.2% were of cryptogenic origin. The presence of any marker positive for HBV increased the risk for developing HCC by almost 27 times [OR: 27.33; (12.87–60.0)]. An increased risk of 10.6 times was observed for HCC development for cases positive for any HCV marker [OR: 10.55; (3.13–42.73)]. Heavy alcohol consumption along with HCV RNA positivity in cirrhotic patients was found to be a risk for developing HCC by 3 folds [OR: 3.17; (0.37–70.71)].<br><b>Conclusions</b> Patients of chronic HBV infection followed by chronic HCV infection were at higher risk of developing HCC in India. Chronic alcohol consumption was found to be a risk factor in cirrhotic cases only when it was associated with HCV RNA positivity. Most of the patients had a large tumor size (>5 cm) with multiple liver nodules, indicating an advanced stage of the disease thus making curative therapies difficult. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T13:34:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-624e071c69fd4081b9860f8f90beb1ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2095-3941 2095-3941 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T13:34:54Z |
| publishDate | 2012-09-01 |
| publisher | China Anti-Cancer Association |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancer Biology & Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-624e071c69fd4081b9860f8f90beb1ac2022-12-21T17:45:03ZengChina Anti-Cancer AssociationCancer Biology & Medicine2095-39412095-39412012-09-019317218110.3969/j.issn.2095-3941.2012.03.0042012030004Viral Genotypes and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in IndiaManash Pratim Sarma0Mohammad Asim1Subhash Medhi2Thayumanavan Bharathi3Richa Diwan4Premashis Kar5PCR Hepatitis Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110002, India;PCR Hepatitis Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110002, India;PCR Hepatitis Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110002, India;Department of Gastroenterology, Rajaji Government Hospital, Madurai 625020, IndiaPCR Hepatitis Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110002, India;PCR Hepatitis Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110002, India;<b>Objective</b> This study aims to investigate the etiological relationship among hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and alcohol as risk factors in a cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients from India. The clinical and biochemical profiles and tumor characteristics in the HCC cases were also evaluated.<br><b>Methods</b> A total of 357 consecutive cases of HCC fulfilling the diagnostic criteria from the Barcelona–2000 EASL conference were included in the study. The blood samples were evaluated for serological evidence of HBV and HCV infection, viral load, and genotypes using serological tests, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and restriction fragment length polymorphism.<br><b>Results</b> The male/female ratio for the HCC cases was 5.87:1. Majority of the HCC patients (33.9%) were 50 to 59 years of age, with a mean age of 4±13.23 years. More than half the cases (60.8%) had underlying cirrhosis at presentation. Among the HCC patients, 68.9% were HBV related, 21.3% were HCV related, 18.8% were alcoholic, and 18.2% were of cryptogenic origin. The presence of any marker positive for HBV increased the risk for developing HCC by almost 27 times [OR: 27.33; (12.87–60.0)]. An increased risk of 10.6 times was observed for HCC development for cases positive for any HCV marker [OR: 10.55; (3.13–42.73)]. Heavy alcohol consumption along with HCV RNA positivity in cirrhotic patients was found to be a risk for developing HCC by 3 folds [OR: 3.17; (0.37–70.71)].<br><b>Conclusions</b> Patients of chronic HBV infection followed by chronic HCV infection were at higher risk of developing HCC in India. Chronic alcohol consumption was found to be a risk factor in cirrhotic cases only when it was associated with HCV RNA positivity. Most of the patients had a large tumor size (>5 cm) with multiple liver nodules, indicating an advanced stage of the disease thus making curative therapies difficult.http://www.cancerbiomed.org/index.php/cocr/article/view/121hepatocellular carcinomahepatitis B virushepatitis C virusrisk factors |
| spellingShingle | Manash Pratim Sarma Mohammad Asim Subhash Medhi Thayumanavan Bharathi Richa Diwan Premashis Kar Viral Genotypes and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India Cancer Biology & Medicine hepatocellular carcinoma hepatitis B virus hepatitis C virus risk factors |
| title | Viral Genotypes and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India |
| title_full | Viral Genotypes and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India |
| title_fullStr | Viral Genotypes and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viral Genotypes and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India |
| title_short | Viral Genotypes and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India |
| title_sort | viral genotypes and associated risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in india |
| topic | hepatocellular carcinoma hepatitis B virus hepatitis C virus risk factors |
| url | http://www.cancerbiomed.org/index.php/cocr/article/view/121 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT manashpratimsarma viralgenotypesandassociatedriskfactorsofhepatocellularcarcinomainindia AT mohammadasim viralgenotypesandassociatedriskfactorsofhepatocellularcarcinomainindia AT subhashmedhi viralgenotypesandassociatedriskfactorsofhepatocellularcarcinomainindia AT thayumanavanbharathi viralgenotypesandassociatedriskfactorsofhepatocellularcarcinomainindia AT richadiwan viralgenotypesandassociatedriskfactorsofhepatocellularcarcinomainindia AT premashiskar viralgenotypesandassociatedriskfactorsofhepatocellularcarcinomainindia |