Analysis of Selected Endocrine Disrupters Fraction Including Bisphenols Extracted from Daily Products, Food Packaging and Treated Wastewater Using Optimized Solid-Phase Extraction and Temperature-Dependent Inclusion Chromatography
The aim of this research is to demonstrate the concept and ability for the fast and preliminary screening of complex food and environmental samples for the presence of endocrine disrupters fractions, consisting of low-molecular mass micropollutants, particularly various bisphenols (A, B, C, E, F, S,...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-04-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/7/1285 |
| _version_ | 1818926073380864000 |
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| author | Aleksandra Kaleniecka Paweł K. Zarzycki |
| author_facet | Aleksandra Kaleniecka Paweł K. Zarzycki |
| author_sort | Aleksandra Kaleniecka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this research is to demonstrate the concept and ability for the fast and preliminary screening of complex food and environmental samples for the presence of endocrine disrupters fractions, consisting of low-molecular mass micropollutants, particularly various bisphenols (A, B, C, E, F, S, Z, AF, AP, BP and FL). The developed analytical protocol for this research requires two main steps: (i) optimized solid phase extraction (SPE) for selective isolation, purification and pre-concentration of target fraction, and (ii) selective temperature-dependent inclusion chromatography for samples analysis via a HPLC-UV-VisDAD system using isocratic elution and internal standard quantification approach. The chromatographic experiment revealed that both β-CD and its hydroxypropyl derivative strongly interact with selected bisphenols. This is in contrast to the steroids and PAHs molecules investigated previously, where a strong interaction with β-cyclodextrin was observed. Integrated areas derived from acquired chromatographic profiles for each individual sample were used as the simple classification variable enabling samples comparison. We demonstrated that the proposed analytical protocol allows for fast estimation of EDC fractions in various daily use products, food and environmental samples. The materials of interest were selected due to the presence in surface water ecosystems of their residues, and finally, in raw wastewater including rice bags, plastic bags, cloths, sanitary towels, fish baits and various plastic foils from food products. Treated sewage water released directly to the environment from a municipal treatment plant (Jamno, Koszalin) was also investigated. It has been demonstrated that a whole range of low-molecular mass compounds, which may be detected using UV-Vis detector, can easily be emitted from various in daily use products. The presence of micropollutants in treated wastewater, water ecosystems and plastic waste utilization via technological wastewater treatment processes must be addressed, especially in terms of microplastic-based pollutants acting as endocrine disrupters. It is hoped that the proposed simple analytical protocol will be useful for fast sample classification or selection prior to advanced targeted analysis involving the more accurate quantification of specific analytes using e.g., mass spectrometry detectors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:51:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-624eaf75db0c42789330a94b70ca1b97 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:51:19Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-624eaf75db0c42789330a94b70ca1b972022-12-21T19:56:01ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-04-01247128510.3390/molecules24071285molecules24071285Analysis of Selected Endocrine Disrupters Fraction Including Bisphenols Extracted from Daily Products, Food Packaging and Treated Wastewater Using Optimized Solid-Phase Extraction and Temperature-Dependent Inclusion ChromatographyAleksandra Kaleniecka0Paweł K. Zarzycki1Department of Environmental Technologies and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, Śniadeckich 2, 75-453 Koszalin, PolandDepartment of Environmental Technologies and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, Śniadeckich 2, 75-453 Koszalin, PolandThe aim of this research is to demonstrate the concept and ability for the fast and preliminary screening of complex food and environmental samples for the presence of endocrine disrupters fractions, consisting of low-molecular mass micropollutants, particularly various bisphenols (A, B, C, E, F, S, Z, AF, AP, BP and FL). The developed analytical protocol for this research requires two main steps: (i) optimized solid phase extraction (SPE) for selective isolation, purification and pre-concentration of target fraction, and (ii) selective temperature-dependent inclusion chromatography for samples analysis via a HPLC-UV-VisDAD system using isocratic elution and internal standard quantification approach. The chromatographic experiment revealed that both β-CD and its hydroxypropyl derivative strongly interact with selected bisphenols. This is in contrast to the steroids and PAHs molecules investigated previously, where a strong interaction with β-cyclodextrin was observed. Integrated areas derived from acquired chromatographic profiles for each individual sample were used as the simple classification variable enabling samples comparison. We demonstrated that the proposed analytical protocol allows for fast estimation of EDC fractions in various daily use products, food and environmental samples. The materials of interest were selected due to the presence in surface water ecosystems of their residues, and finally, in raw wastewater including rice bags, plastic bags, cloths, sanitary towels, fish baits and various plastic foils from food products. Treated sewage water released directly to the environment from a municipal treatment plant (Jamno, Koszalin) was also investigated. It has been demonstrated that a whole range of low-molecular mass compounds, which may be detected using UV-Vis detector, can easily be emitted from various in daily use products. The presence of micropollutants in treated wastewater, water ecosystems and plastic waste utilization via technological wastewater treatment processes must be addressed, especially in terms of microplastic-based pollutants acting as endocrine disrupters. It is hoped that the proposed simple analytical protocol will be useful for fast sample classification or selection prior to advanced targeted analysis involving the more accurate quantification of specific analytes using e.g., mass spectrometry detectors.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/7/1285cyclodextrinbisphenolsendocrine disruptersmicropollutantsdaily use productssewage watersupramolecular complexencapsulationtemperature effects |
| spellingShingle | Aleksandra Kaleniecka Paweł K. Zarzycki Analysis of Selected Endocrine Disrupters Fraction Including Bisphenols Extracted from Daily Products, Food Packaging and Treated Wastewater Using Optimized Solid-Phase Extraction and Temperature-Dependent Inclusion Chromatography Molecules cyclodextrin bisphenols endocrine disrupters micropollutants daily use products sewage water supramolecular complex encapsulation temperature effects |
| title | Analysis of Selected Endocrine Disrupters Fraction Including Bisphenols Extracted from Daily Products, Food Packaging and Treated Wastewater Using Optimized Solid-Phase Extraction and Temperature-Dependent Inclusion Chromatography |
| title_full | Analysis of Selected Endocrine Disrupters Fraction Including Bisphenols Extracted from Daily Products, Food Packaging and Treated Wastewater Using Optimized Solid-Phase Extraction and Temperature-Dependent Inclusion Chromatography |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Selected Endocrine Disrupters Fraction Including Bisphenols Extracted from Daily Products, Food Packaging and Treated Wastewater Using Optimized Solid-Phase Extraction and Temperature-Dependent Inclusion Chromatography |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Selected Endocrine Disrupters Fraction Including Bisphenols Extracted from Daily Products, Food Packaging and Treated Wastewater Using Optimized Solid-Phase Extraction and Temperature-Dependent Inclusion Chromatography |
| title_short | Analysis of Selected Endocrine Disrupters Fraction Including Bisphenols Extracted from Daily Products, Food Packaging and Treated Wastewater Using Optimized Solid-Phase Extraction and Temperature-Dependent Inclusion Chromatography |
| title_sort | analysis of selected endocrine disrupters fraction including bisphenols extracted from daily products food packaging and treated wastewater using optimized solid phase extraction and temperature dependent inclusion chromatography |
| topic | cyclodextrin bisphenols endocrine disrupters micropollutants daily use products sewage water supramolecular complex encapsulation temperature effects |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/7/1285 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aleksandrakaleniecka analysisofselectedendocrinedisruptersfractionincludingbisphenolsextractedfromdailyproductsfoodpackagingandtreatedwastewaterusingoptimizedsolidphaseextractionandtemperaturedependentinclusionchromatography AT pawełkzarzycki analysisofselectedendocrinedisruptersfractionincludingbisphenolsextractedfromdailyproductsfoodpackagingandtreatedwastewaterusingoptimizedsolidphaseextractionandtemperaturedependentinclusionchromatography |