Influence of Temperature on Denitrification and Microbial Community Structure and Diversity: A Laboratory Study on Nitrate Removal from Groundwater
Temperature is an extremely important environmental condition in the application of microbial denitrification for nitrate removal from groundwater. Understanding the nitrate removal efficiency of groundwater and the diversity, composition, and structure of microbial communities under different tempe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/3/436 |
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| author | Wanlong Qu Litao Suo Ruinan Liu Manxi Liu Yanli Zhao Lu Xia Yali Fan Qiufeng Zhang Zongjun Gao |
| author_facet | Wanlong Qu Litao Suo Ruinan Liu Manxi Liu Yanli Zhao Lu Xia Yali Fan Qiufeng Zhang Zongjun Gao |
| author_sort | Wanlong Qu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Temperature is an extremely important environmental condition in the application of microbial denitrification for nitrate removal from groundwater. Understanding the nitrate removal efficiency of groundwater and the diversity, composition, and structure of microbial communities under different temperature conditions is of great significance for effective mitigation of groundwater nitrate pollution. This study investigated the effects of temperature on denitrification at 15 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C, and 45 °C. Moreover, the characteristics of microbial community structure and diversity were analyzed by combining high-throughput sequencing and polymerase chain reaction methods in order to fully clarify the denitrification efficiency under different temperature conditions. According to laboratory batch experiments and the findings of previous research, glucose was set as the carbon source and changes in “three nitrogen” indicators of the four temperature systems were mainly tested to clarify the effectiveness of nitrate removal. The maximum removal rates of nitrate nitrogen at 15 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C, and 45 °C were 44.05%, 87.03%, 99.26%, and 92.79%, respectively. Therefore, the most efficient nitrate removal can be achieved at 40℃. The Chao abundance indexes in the denitrification systems at 15 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C, and 45 °C were 1873, 352, 466, and 640, respectively. Therefore, the highest species richness was observed at 15 °C, but there were only a few dominant bacteria species. The composition of the bacterial community and the most dominant phylum varied at different temperatures. Among them, Gammaproteobacteria in Proteobacteria phylum plays an important role in the degradation of nitrate nitrogen. The relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria at 15 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C, and 45 °C were 25.32%, 66.56%, 72.83%, and 3.47%. Tolumonas belongs to Gammaproteobacteria. The relative abundance of Tolumonas at 15 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C, and 45 °C were 9.41%, 65.47%, 62.49%, and 0.03%, respectively. The results of this study show that different temperature conditions affect the diversity, composition, and structure of the microbial community, thereby affecting the efficiency of denitrification for nitrate removal from groundwater. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:55:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-625099f988764e1f8c96deb0bdd24204 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:55:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-625099f988764e1f8c96deb0bdd242042023-11-23T18:11:41ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-01-0114343610.3390/w14030436Influence of Temperature on Denitrification and Microbial Community Structure and Diversity: A Laboratory Study on Nitrate Removal from GroundwaterWanlong Qu0Litao Suo1Ruinan Liu2Manxi Liu3Yanli Zhao4Lu Xia5Yali Fan6Qiufeng Zhang7Zongjun Gao8Qingdao Geo-Engineering Surveying Institute, Qingdao Geological Exploration and Development Bureau, Qingdao 266100, ChinaQingdao Geo-Engineering Surveying Institute, Qingdao Geological Exploration and Development Bureau, Qingdao 266100, ChinaCollege of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaCollege of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaCollege of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaCollege of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaQingdao Geo-Engineering Surveying Institute, Qingdao Geological Exploration and Development Bureau, Qingdao 266100, ChinaQingdao Geo-Engineering Surveying Institute, Qingdao Geological Exploration and Development Bureau, Qingdao 266100, ChinaCollege of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaTemperature is an extremely important environmental condition in the application of microbial denitrification for nitrate removal from groundwater. Understanding the nitrate removal efficiency of groundwater and the diversity, composition, and structure of microbial communities under different temperature conditions is of great significance for effective mitigation of groundwater nitrate pollution. This study investigated the effects of temperature on denitrification at 15 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C, and 45 °C. Moreover, the characteristics of microbial community structure and diversity were analyzed by combining high-throughput sequencing and polymerase chain reaction methods in order to fully clarify the denitrification efficiency under different temperature conditions. According to laboratory batch experiments and the findings of previous research, glucose was set as the carbon source and changes in “three nitrogen” indicators of the four temperature systems were mainly tested to clarify the effectiveness of nitrate removal. The maximum removal rates of nitrate nitrogen at 15 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C, and 45 °C were 44.05%, 87.03%, 99.26%, and 92.79%, respectively. Therefore, the most efficient nitrate removal can be achieved at 40℃. The Chao abundance indexes in the denitrification systems at 15 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C, and 45 °C were 1873, 352, 466, and 640, respectively. Therefore, the highest species richness was observed at 15 °C, but there were only a few dominant bacteria species. The composition of the bacterial community and the most dominant phylum varied at different temperatures. Among them, Gammaproteobacteria in Proteobacteria phylum plays an important role in the degradation of nitrate nitrogen. The relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria at 15 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C, and 45 °C were 25.32%, 66.56%, 72.83%, and 3.47%. Tolumonas belongs to Gammaproteobacteria. The relative abundance of Tolumonas at 15 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C, and 45 °C were 9.41%, 65.47%, 62.49%, and 0.03%, respectively. The results of this study show that different temperature conditions affect the diversity, composition, and structure of the microbial community, thereby affecting the efficiency of denitrification for nitrate removal from groundwater.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/3/436nitratetemperaturedenitrificationbacterial communitygroundwater |
| spellingShingle | Wanlong Qu Litao Suo Ruinan Liu Manxi Liu Yanli Zhao Lu Xia Yali Fan Qiufeng Zhang Zongjun Gao Influence of Temperature on Denitrification and Microbial Community Structure and Diversity: A Laboratory Study on Nitrate Removal from Groundwater Water nitrate temperature denitrification bacterial community groundwater |
| title | Influence of Temperature on Denitrification and Microbial Community Structure and Diversity: A Laboratory Study on Nitrate Removal from Groundwater |
| title_full | Influence of Temperature on Denitrification and Microbial Community Structure and Diversity: A Laboratory Study on Nitrate Removal from Groundwater |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Temperature on Denitrification and Microbial Community Structure and Diversity: A Laboratory Study on Nitrate Removal from Groundwater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Temperature on Denitrification and Microbial Community Structure and Diversity: A Laboratory Study on Nitrate Removal from Groundwater |
| title_short | Influence of Temperature on Denitrification and Microbial Community Structure and Diversity: A Laboratory Study on Nitrate Removal from Groundwater |
| title_sort | influence of temperature on denitrification and microbial community structure and diversity a laboratory study on nitrate removal from groundwater |
| topic | nitrate temperature denitrification bacterial community groundwater |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/3/436 |
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