Three-Dimensional Printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) Surgical Retractors with Sonochemically Immobilized Silver Nanoparticles: The Next Generation of Low-Cost Antimicrobial Surgery Equipment
A versatile method is reported for the manufacturing of antimicrobial (AM) surgery equipment utilising fused deposition modelling (FDM), three-dimensional (3D) printing and sonochemistry thin-film deposition technology. A surgical retractor was replicated from a commercial polylactic acid (PLA) ther...
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/5/985 |
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| author | Lazaros Tzounis Petros I. Bangeas Aristomenis Exadaktylos Markos Petousis Nectarios Vidakis |
| author_facet | Lazaros Tzounis Petros I. Bangeas Aristomenis Exadaktylos Markos Petousis Nectarios Vidakis |
| author_sort | Lazaros Tzounis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A versatile method is reported for the manufacturing of antimicrobial (AM) surgery equipment utilising fused deposition modelling (FDM), three-dimensional (3D) printing and sonochemistry thin-film deposition technology. A surgical retractor was replicated from a commercial polylactic acid (PLA) thermoplastic filament, while a thin layer of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) was developed via a simple and scalable sonochemical deposition method. The PLA retractor covered with Ag NPs (PLA@Ag) exhibited vigorous AM properties examined by a reduction in Staphylococcus aureus (<i>S. aureus</i>), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>) and Escherichia coli (<i>E. coli</i>) bacteria viability (%) experiments at 30, 60 and 120 min duration of contact (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the surface morphology of bare PLA and PLA@Ag retractor, revealing a homogeneous and full surface coverage of Ag NPs. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated the crystallinity of Ag nanocoating. Ultraviolent-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) highlighted the AgNP plasmonic optical responses and average particle size of 31.08 ± 6.68 nm. TEM images of the PLA@Ag crossection demonstrated the thickness of the deposited Ag nanolayer, as well as an observed tendency of AgNPs to penetrate though the outer surface of PLA. The combination of 3D printing and sonochemistry technology could open new avenues in the manufacturing of low-cost and on-demand antimicrobial surgery equipment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:40:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6267f7d0f8314d11abaf4bf78ad52979 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:40:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-6267f7d0f8314d11abaf4bf78ad529792023-11-20T01:14:15ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912020-05-0110598510.3390/nano10050985Three-Dimensional Printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) Surgical Retractors with Sonochemically Immobilized Silver Nanoparticles: The Next Generation of Low-Cost Antimicrobial Surgery EquipmentLazaros Tzounis0Petros I. Bangeas1Aristomenis Exadaktylos2Markos Petousis3Nectarios Vidakis4Composite and Smart Materials Laboratory (CSML), Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of emergency medicine, INSELSPITAL, Universitätsspital Bern, 18, 3010 Bern, SwitzerlandDepartment of emergency medicine, INSELSPITAL, Universitätsspital Bern, 18, 3010 Bern, SwitzerlandMechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, GreeceMechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, GreeceA versatile method is reported for the manufacturing of antimicrobial (AM) surgery equipment utilising fused deposition modelling (FDM), three-dimensional (3D) printing and sonochemistry thin-film deposition technology. A surgical retractor was replicated from a commercial polylactic acid (PLA) thermoplastic filament, while a thin layer of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) was developed via a simple and scalable sonochemical deposition method. The PLA retractor covered with Ag NPs (PLA@Ag) exhibited vigorous AM properties examined by a reduction in Staphylococcus aureus (<i>S. aureus</i>), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>) and Escherichia coli (<i>E. coli</i>) bacteria viability (%) experiments at 30, 60 and 120 min duration of contact (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the surface morphology of bare PLA and PLA@Ag retractor, revealing a homogeneous and full surface coverage of Ag NPs. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated the crystallinity of Ag nanocoating. Ultraviolent-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) highlighted the AgNP plasmonic optical responses and average particle size of 31.08 ± 6.68 nm. TEM images of the PLA@Ag crossection demonstrated the thickness of the deposited Ag nanolayer, as well as an observed tendency of AgNPs to penetrate though the outer surface of PLA. The combination of 3D printing and sonochemistry technology could open new avenues in the manufacturing of low-cost and on-demand antimicrobial surgery equipment.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/5/985fused deposition modelling (FDM)3D printingsonochemical depositionsilver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs)antimicrobial (AM) propertiespolylactic acid (PLA) |
| spellingShingle | Lazaros Tzounis Petros I. Bangeas Aristomenis Exadaktylos Markos Petousis Nectarios Vidakis Three-Dimensional Printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) Surgical Retractors with Sonochemically Immobilized Silver Nanoparticles: The Next Generation of Low-Cost Antimicrobial Surgery Equipment Nanomaterials fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing sonochemical deposition silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) antimicrobial (AM) properties polylactic acid (PLA) |
| title | Three-Dimensional Printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) Surgical Retractors with Sonochemically Immobilized Silver Nanoparticles: The Next Generation of Low-Cost Antimicrobial Surgery Equipment |
| title_full | Three-Dimensional Printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) Surgical Retractors with Sonochemically Immobilized Silver Nanoparticles: The Next Generation of Low-Cost Antimicrobial Surgery Equipment |
| title_fullStr | Three-Dimensional Printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) Surgical Retractors with Sonochemically Immobilized Silver Nanoparticles: The Next Generation of Low-Cost Antimicrobial Surgery Equipment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three-Dimensional Printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) Surgical Retractors with Sonochemically Immobilized Silver Nanoparticles: The Next Generation of Low-Cost Antimicrobial Surgery Equipment |
| title_short | Three-Dimensional Printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) Surgical Retractors with Sonochemically Immobilized Silver Nanoparticles: The Next Generation of Low-Cost Antimicrobial Surgery Equipment |
| title_sort | three dimensional printed polylactic acid pla surgical retractors with sonochemically immobilized silver nanoparticles the next generation of low cost antimicrobial surgery equipment |
| topic | fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing sonochemical deposition silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) antimicrobial (AM) properties polylactic acid (PLA) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/5/985 |
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