Assessment of risk factors, clinical presentation and angiographic profile of coronary slow flow phenomenon
Background: Primary coronary slow flow phenomenon (PCSFP) is a clinical entity that causes attacks of mild to severe chest pain. It is characterized by delayed coronary vessel opacification in the absence of epicardial stenosis. This work aimed for the assessment of predictors, clinical presentation...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Indian College of Cardiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.joicc.org/article.asp?issn=1561-8811;year=2022;volume=12;issue=1;spage=19;epage=24;aulast=Abd-Elghaffar |
| _version_ | 1827356468010024960 |
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| author | Sara Ashraf Abd-Elghaffar Raghda Ghonimy El Sheikh Ayman Ahmed Gaafar Yasser Hussein Elbarbary |
| author_facet | Sara Ashraf Abd-Elghaffar Raghda Ghonimy El Sheikh Ayman Ahmed Gaafar Yasser Hussein Elbarbary |
| author_sort | Sara Ashraf Abd-Elghaffar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Primary coronary slow flow phenomenon (PCSFP) is a clinical entity that causes attacks of mild to severe chest pain. It is characterized by delayed coronary vessel opacification in the absence of epicardial stenosis. This work aimed for the assessment of predictors, clinical presentation, and angiographic profile of PCSFP. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional case–control study was done between February 2019 and January 2020, including 150 patients who presented by ST-segment myocardial infarction, non-ST segment myocardial infarction, unstable angina, chronic coronary syndrome, or atypical chest pain. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1: consisted of 100 patients who had PCSFP and Group 2: consisted of 50 patients who had normal coronary flow (NCF). Results: PCSFP was significantly more prevalent in young male patients. Among the traditional risk factors, there was significantly more prevalence of hypertension (63.0% vs. 28.0%, P = 0.001), obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (47.0% vs. 4.0%, P = 0.001), and history of smoking (66.0% vs. 40.0%, P < 0.002) in PCSFP patients as compared to NCF patients. Triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and hemoglobin all were higher in patients with PCSFP. Low high-density lipoprotein levels were associated with PCSFP. In multivariable analysis, PCSFP was significantly independently associated with male sex, high TG, cholesterol, and hs-CRP. TG (odds ratio [OR]: 14.427, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.514–59.226) and cholesterol (OR: 11.739, 95% CI, 2.439–56.513) are the strongest independent predictors for PCSFP. Conclusion: PCSFP is more common in young smoker males, is associated with hypertension, obesity, high hs-CRP, TG, and cholesterol levels. High cholesterol and TG and male sex are the strongest risk factors for PCSFP. Furthermore, inflammation plays an important factor in the pathogenesis of PCSFP due to the association of high hs-CRP level in those patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:00:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-627089b9828548d78e6c11aaa3d8734f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1561-8811 2213-3615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:00:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Indian College of Cardiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-627089b9828548d78e6c11aaa3d8734f2024-02-07T12:50:44ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Indian College of Cardiology1561-88112213-36152022-01-01121192410.4103/jicc.jicc_6_21Assessment of risk factors, clinical presentation and angiographic profile of coronary slow flow phenomenonSara Ashraf Abd-ElghaffarRaghda Ghonimy El SheikhAyman Ahmed GaafarYasser Hussein ElbarbaryBackground: Primary coronary slow flow phenomenon (PCSFP) is a clinical entity that causes attacks of mild to severe chest pain. It is characterized by delayed coronary vessel opacification in the absence of epicardial stenosis. This work aimed for the assessment of predictors, clinical presentation, and angiographic profile of PCSFP. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional case–control study was done between February 2019 and January 2020, including 150 patients who presented by ST-segment myocardial infarction, non-ST segment myocardial infarction, unstable angina, chronic coronary syndrome, or atypical chest pain. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1: consisted of 100 patients who had PCSFP and Group 2: consisted of 50 patients who had normal coronary flow (NCF). Results: PCSFP was significantly more prevalent in young male patients. Among the traditional risk factors, there was significantly more prevalence of hypertension (63.0% vs. 28.0%, P = 0.001), obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (47.0% vs. 4.0%, P = 0.001), and history of smoking (66.0% vs. 40.0%, P < 0.002) in PCSFP patients as compared to NCF patients. Triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and hemoglobin all were higher in patients with PCSFP. Low high-density lipoprotein levels were associated with PCSFP. In multivariable analysis, PCSFP was significantly independently associated with male sex, high TG, cholesterol, and hs-CRP. TG (odds ratio [OR]: 14.427, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.514–59.226) and cholesterol (OR: 11.739, 95% CI, 2.439–56.513) are the strongest independent predictors for PCSFP. Conclusion: PCSFP is more common in young smoker males, is associated with hypertension, obesity, high hs-CRP, TG, and cholesterol levels. High cholesterol and TG and male sex are the strongest risk factors for PCSFP. Furthermore, inflammation plays an important factor in the pathogenesis of PCSFP due to the association of high hs-CRP level in those patients.http://www.joicc.org/article.asp?issn=1561-8811;year=2022;volume=12;issue=1;spage=19;epage=24;aulast=Abd-Elghaffarangiographic profileclinical presentationcoronary slow flowrisk factors |
| spellingShingle | Sara Ashraf Abd-Elghaffar Raghda Ghonimy El Sheikh Ayman Ahmed Gaafar Yasser Hussein Elbarbary Assessment of risk factors, clinical presentation and angiographic profile of coronary slow flow phenomenon Journal of Indian College of Cardiology angiographic profile clinical presentation coronary slow flow risk factors |
| title | Assessment of risk factors, clinical presentation and angiographic profile of coronary slow flow phenomenon |
| title_full | Assessment of risk factors, clinical presentation and angiographic profile of coronary slow flow phenomenon |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of risk factors, clinical presentation and angiographic profile of coronary slow flow phenomenon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of risk factors, clinical presentation and angiographic profile of coronary slow flow phenomenon |
| title_short | Assessment of risk factors, clinical presentation and angiographic profile of coronary slow flow phenomenon |
| title_sort | assessment of risk factors clinical presentation and angiographic profile of coronary slow flow phenomenon |
| topic | angiographic profile clinical presentation coronary slow flow risk factors |
| url | http://www.joicc.org/article.asp?issn=1561-8811;year=2022;volume=12;issue=1;spage=19;epage=24;aulast=Abd-Elghaffar |
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