The Evaluation of Torrefied Wood Using a Cone Calorimeter
This study focuses on the energy potential and combustion process of torrefied wood. Samples were prepared through the torrefaction of five types of wood: Ash, beech, oak, pine and spruce. These were heated for 2 h at a temperature of 300 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Torrefied wood was prepared f...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/11/1748 |
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| author | Peter Rantuch Jozef Martinka Aleš Ház |
| author_facet | Peter Rantuch Jozef Martinka Aleš Ház |
| author_sort | Peter Rantuch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study focuses on the energy potential and combustion process of torrefied wood. Samples were prepared through the torrefaction of five types of wood: Ash, beech, oak, pine and spruce. These were heated for 2 h at a temperature of 300 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Torrefied wood was prepared from wood samples with dimensions of 100 × 100 × 20 mm<sup>3</sup>. These dimensions have enabled investigation of torrefied wood combustion in compact form. The effect of the external heat flux on the combustion of the samples was measured using a cone calorimeter. The observed parameters, include initiation times, heat release rate and combustion efficiency. The results show that increasing the external heat flux decreases the evenness of combustion of torrefied wood. At the same time, it increases the combustion efficiency, which reached an average value of approximately 72% at 20 kW m<sup>−2</sup>, 81% at 30 kW m<sup>−2</sup> and 90% at 40 kW m<sup>−2</sup>. The calculated values of critical heat flux of the individual samples ranged from 4.67 kW m<sup>−2</sup> to 15.2 kW m<sup>−2</sup>, the thermal response parameter ranged from 134 kW s<sup>0.5</sup> m<sup>−2</sup> to 297 kW s<sup>0.5</sup> m<sup>−2</sup> and calculated ignition temperature ranged from 277 °C to 452 °C. Obtained results are useful both for energy production field and for fire safety risk assessment of stored torrefied wood. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:00:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-62797c4d2ecf42988d1b7350272d6157 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:00:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-62797c4d2ecf42988d1b7350272d61572023-11-21T21:34:23ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-05-011311174810.3390/polym13111748The Evaluation of Torrefied Wood Using a Cone CalorimeterPeter Rantuch0Jozef Martinka1Aleš Ház2Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 917 24 Trnava, SlovakiaFaculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 917 24 Trnava, SlovakiaFaculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, SlovakiaThis study focuses on the energy potential and combustion process of torrefied wood. Samples were prepared through the torrefaction of five types of wood: Ash, beech, oak, pine and spruce. These were heated for 2 h at a temperature of 300 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Torrefied wood was prepared from wood samples with dimensions of 100 × 100 × 20 mm<sup>3</sup>. These dimensions have enabled investigation of torrefied wood combustion in compact form. The effect of the external heat flux on the combustion of the samples was measured using a cone calorimeter. The observed parameters, include initiation times, heat release rate and combustion efficiency. The results show that increasing the external heat flux decreases the evenness of combustion of torrefied wood. At the same time, it increases the combustion efficiency, which reached an average value of approximately 72% at 20 kW m<sup>−2</sup>, 81% at 30 kW m<sup>−2</sup> and 90% at 40 kW m<sup>−2</sup>. The calculated values of critical heat flux of the individual samples ranged from 4.67 kW m<sup>−2</sup> to 15.2 kW m<sup>−2</sup>, the thermal response parameter ranged from 134 kW s<sup>0.5</sup> m<sup>−2</sup> to 297 kW s<sup>0.5</sup> m<sup>−2</sup> and calculated ignition temperature ranged from 277 °C to 452 °C. Obtained results are useful both for energy production field and for fire safety risk assessment of stored torrefied wood.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/11/1748torrefied woodfuelcombustionheat release rate |
| spellingShingle | Peter Rantuch Jozef Martinka Aleš Ház The Evaluation of Torrefied Wood Using a Cone Calorimeter Polymers torrefied wood fuel combustion heat release rate |
| title | The Evaluation of Torrefied Wood Using a Cone Calorimeter |
| title_full | The Evaluation of Torrefied Wood Using a Cone Calorimeter |
| title_fullStr | The Evaluation of Torrefied Wood Using a Cone Calorimeter |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Evaluation of Torrefied Wood Using a Cone Calorimeter |
| title_short | The Evaluation of Torrefied Wood Using a Cone Calorimeter |
| title_sort | evaluation of torrefied wood using a cone calorimeter |
| topic | torrefied wood fuel combustion heat release rate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/11/1748 |
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