Biomarker Signatures to Monitor Alcohol Consumption and Induced Organ Damage
The difficulty to differentiate long duration alcoholic behaviours is a major obstacle in the diagnosis and its treatment. Biomarkers in alcoholism are indicative of recent alcohol consumption or alcohol-induced organ damage. They are broadly divided into two; state markers, which are tools indica...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/14526/45729_CE[Ra1]_F[SK]_PF1(AA_OM)_GC(SL)_PN(KM).pdf |
| Summary: | The difficulty to differentiate long duration alcoholic behaviours is a major obstacle in the diagnosis and its treatment. Biomarkers
in alcoholism are indicative of recent alcohol consumption or alcohol-induced organ damage. They are broadly divided into two;
state markers, which are tools indicative of acute or chronic alcohol consumption, and trait markers, which are markers indicative
of a genetic predisposition responsible to develop alcohol dependence. This review aimed to sensitise the practitioners on different
alcohol state markers available now-a-days. An electronic search in Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and PubMed was conducted
by using following keywords: Alcohol biomarkers, State markers, Trait markers, Alcohol consumption test. Studies on alcohol
biomarkers published in English language were included in this review. Reviews and studies with free access to only abstract have
been excluded. The state markers mostly used to identify chronic alcohol exposure are the Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT),
Aspartate and Alanine Aminotransferase (AST and ALT) which are routine serum liver function panels and Mean Corpuscular
Volume (MCV) which is a haematological marker. The available non-conventional state biomarkers are Phosphatidylethanol
(PEth), Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE) and 5-Hydroxytryptophol (5-HTOL). The novel state markers which have been developed
in recent research context are still awaiting validation and possible introduction to commercial settings are Plasma Sialic Acid
Index of Apolipoprotein J (SIJ), Total Serum Sialic Acid (TSA), Acetaldehyde, Acetaldehyde adducts, anti-adduct antibodies and
β-Hexosaminidase. Conventional alcohol biomarkers are routinely used in clinical practice. Non-conventional biomarkers seem to
be promising for its estimation. Novel biomarkers are at various stages of research and development. |
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| ISSN: | 2249-782X 0973-709X |